几种配方制备有机肥菌群分析及其育苗效果评价

Preliminary Analysis of Several Kinds of Formulated Organic Fertilizer Flora and Their Effects Evaluation

【目的】明确几种不同配方对牛粪、羊粪、鸡粪有机肥发酵过程中菌群变化的影响及其育苗效果。【方法】以不同配方分别处理牛、羊、鸡粪,经30 d的保温、厌氧发酵制成有机肥,采用PCR-DGGE、Biolog生态板技术解析菌群变化情况及碳代谢活性;采用番茄穴盘育苗实验评价肥效。【结果】从DGGE分离菌肥微生物结果为乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus sp.)和魏斯氏菌属(Weissella sp.)所占比例较大,乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus sp.)为40.4%魏斯氏菌属(Weissella sp.)为23.8%;从平均颜色变化率(AWCD)可以看出Shannon-Wiener指数(H’)羊粪要高于鸡粪和牛粪的水平;主成分分析显示牛粪组在3个处理的菌群碳源利用水平均存在差异;羊粪组Y1和Y2菌群群落结构相对较一致,处理Y3和Y4存在差异;鸡粪组处理J2和J3群落结构相对较一致,处理J1和J4则存在差异。不同的处理方法对植株的4个指标影响各不相同,存在较大差异性。【结论】不同配方处理对牛、羊、鸡粪有机肥菌群结构造成显著影响,N3、Y3和J1处理的肥效最佳,番茄苗株高平均比对照高出25.5%、22.03%和26.16%。

【 Objective】 To make clear the effects of several different formula of cattle dung,sheep dung, changes in microflora of chicken manure organic fertilizer fermentation process and their effects on seedling.【 Method】 Different formulas were used to treat cattle, sheep, chicken manure, respectively and after 30 days of insulation, anaerobic fermentation was used to produce organic fertilizer, and PCR - DGGE, BIOLOG tech-nology was applied to analyze the change of microbial community and the activity of carbon metabolism. Final-ly tomato hole tray seedling experiments were conducted to evaluate the fertilizers efficiency.【 Result】 Bacterial manure microorganisms isolated from DGGE were lactic acid bacteria {Lactobacillus sp. ） and Wei Sishi bacte-ria genera （ Weissella sp. ） which accounted for a larger proportion. Lactic acid bacteria {Lactobacillus sp. ） was 40. 4% Weiss＇s species （ Weissella sp. ） was 23. 8% . As could be seen from the average color rate （AWCD） Shannon - Wiener index （Hv） sheep droppings were higher than the levels of chicken manure and cattle dung. Principal component analysis showed that there were differences in the utilization of carbon source in the 3 treatment groups. There were differences between YIII and YIV treatments. The community structure of JII and Jill in chicken manure treatment group was relatively consistent and there were differences between JI and JIV. Seedling test results showed that the different treatments had different effects on the 4 indexes of plants, and there was a great difference.【 Conclusion】 Different formulae for treating cattle, sheep, chicken manure fertilizer flora structure have a significant impact. Tomato seedling experiments show that N3 , Y3 and J1 processing have the best fertilizer effect. The average plant height of tomato seedlings is 25. 5% and 26. 16% , higher than that of CK.