“心性一体”与“心性二体”——早期儒学心性论发展路向研究

“Integrated Heart/Mind” and “Departed Heart/Mind”——A Study on the Direction of Development of Early Confucian Teachings of Heart/Mind

心性论思想是早期儒家思想发展的核心内容和中心线索。从《尚书》《礼记》到《孟子》中的心性论中凸显的是道德的形而上本体论,强调的是人如何通过外在的道德实践来明心见性、尽性而知天。从《孔子家语》、郭店楚简到《荀子》的心性论思想则体现了早期儒家质朴自然的心性观,而人如何通过外在的学习和实践来教化引导自身的性情,就成为这一思想发展路线的特点。早期儒家思想在历史上的发展往往呈现出多元化的特点,对于早期儒家思想的理解也不能完全偏于一极而忽略其他方面。

The thought of Heart/Mind is the core content of early Confucian teachings. The teachings of Heart/Mind in the Book of Doc ume nts （ Shangshu ） , the Book of Rites （ Liji ） and Mencius reflect the Confucian moral metaphysics, emphasizing on how a person could give full realization to his heart, understand his nature and know Heaven by external moral practices. On the other hand, the teachings of Heart/Mind in the School Sayings of Confucius （ Kongzijiayu）,Guodian Chu Slips and Xunzi reflect the natural view of Heart/Mind in early Confucianism, emphasizing on how a person could cultivate and instruct his own emotions and nature by external learning and practices. The historical development of the teachings of early Confucianism has various characteristics. In this case,we could not understand early Confucianism from only one perspective and neglect the other aspects.