后现代科学哲学的政治学转向——兼及劳斯走向政治的科学哲学

Political Turn of Postmodern Philosophy of Science——Rouse Toward Political Philosophy of Science

对"现代性"的后现代批判使当代哲学出现了一系列重大转向,其中后现代科学哲学的政治学转向独树一帜。它起源于20世纪50年代英美分析哲学内部开始的,以库恩、费耶阿本德等人为代表的对逻辑实证主义的政治学批判,同时也得益于欧洲大陆哲学尼采、福柯等人从知识/权力角度对实在和理性的分析。这两大思潮分别从科学和人文的角度对科学知识做了政治学解构。当代哲学家约瑟夫·劳斯吸收并发展了这两方面思想的批判性,指出实验室内外及其实验设备是现代权力关系的重要策源地。科学的政治学批判只有向更广泛的文化的、实践的领域开放才具有生命力。

Postmodern criticism to modernity has led to a series of turns in modern philosophy. Political turn of postmodern philosophy of science is unique. It derived from Kuhn and Feyerabend＇ s criticism toward logical positivism in the fifties of last century in the Anglo-American philosophy. Meanwhile it also benefited from Nietzsche and Foucauh＇s analysis from knowledge / power to reality and rationality in continental philosophy. The two trends of thought make political deconstruction to scientific knowledge from sciences and the humanities respectively. Modern philosopher, Joseph Rouse absorbed and developed both the two ways of thinking and pointed out that modern philosophy of science is toward being political. Political criticism of sciences must be open to wider areas of culture and practice to obtain vitality.