从分斋教学到八科分设:中国古典工程学习理念及其学校化历程

From the Teaching in Separate Rooms to the Eight Subjects Teaching:The Concept of Classical Chinese Engineering Learning and Its Schoolization Process

中国古典工程学习观蕴含于儒家教育哲学之中,以"体用"之辩为基本理念,把工程知识划归为经世致用之学,定位为"艺能、治事、下学"。北宋胡瑗以"明体达用"为指导的分斋教学和明末清初颜元以"下学上达"为指导的漳南书院的教学实践为古典工程学习理念学校化的先驱,工程学习的正式学校化则为"中体西用"指导下的《癸卯学制》的制定和实施。

The concept of classical engineering learning in China is embedded in the philosophy of Confucianism, the basic idea of which is ＂System and Function＂, with engineering knowledge classified as ＂Pragmatism＂, which is defined as ＂artistic capacity, administrative talent and learning from the low＂. The teaching practice of both HU Yuan＇ s Teaching in Separate Rooms under the guidance of ＂understanding the system to achieve use＂ in the Northern Song and Zhangnan Academy under the guidance of ＂learning from lower to upper level＂ in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties was the pioneers of schoolization of classical engineering learning. The formal schoolization of engineering learning is the formulation and implementation of the Gui Mao Educational System under the principle of ＂Chinese （ learning as the） essence and Western （ learning for its） utility＂.