趁鲜清洗和干制后清洗对三七药材质量的影响

Influences of Cleaning before Drying and Cleaning after Drying on Quality of Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen

目的研究趁鲜清洗和干制后清洗两类不同清洗方式对三七药材外观品质和内在成分的影响,为规范三七产地加工方法提供依据。方法比较传统不清洗直接晒干、传统打磨加工、趁鲜清洗后晒干、干制后清洗等方法处理,对三七主根的干燥时间、折干率、密度、药材外观性状和内在成分的影响。结果传统不清洗直接晒干,三七药材表皮会黏附大量红土,外观性状和卫生指标差;传统打磨加工方法虽可清除部分三七表皮泥土,但打磨对药材表皮磨损较大,并造成折干率和三七素含量降低,下降率分别为10.0%和18.1%;将三七干制后清洗,则会导致药材表皮磨损脱落,表皮颜色发白无光泽,并导致总灰分、醇提物、人参皂苷Re、三七素和可溶性糖等内在成分的大幅损失,损失率分别高达9.9%~17.7%、8.3%~15.9%、63.9%~70.8%、12.5%~36.1%和27.3%~37.4%,且干制后清洗时间越长,药材内在成分损失越大;而将三七趁鲜清洗后再干燥,既利于三七表皮脱水,缩短干燥时间,又提高了药材卫生和外观性状指标,并大幅降低药材内在成分的损失。结论建议在三七药材产地加工上,应大力推广趁鲜清洗后再干燥加工的方式,以科学去除药材外源污染物,保证三七药材外观和内在质量,并保证临床用药的安全、有效。

OBJECTIVE To study the influences of different cleaning methods on the quality of P. notoginseng and provide the basis for standard original processing methods of P. notoginseng. METHODS The P. notoginseng roots were processed with different methods including drying without washing, drying and polishing, fresh cleaning before drying, and cleaning after drying. The influ- ences of different cleaning methods on the drying time, drying rate, density, appearance properties and active components of P. notoginseng roots were compared. RESULTS The appearance quality and hygiene indicators of P. notoginseng roots were bad when the fresh roots were dried without washing. When the roots were polished after drying without washing, the skin of P. notoginseng roots was worn down. It also resulted in a great loss of drying rate and content of dencichine of P. notoginseng roots, with decreasing rates of 10. 0% and 18. 1% , respectively. Cleaning after drying of P. notoginseng roots resulted in wear and tear off of epidermis and decrease of the total ash, alcohol extraction components, saponin of Re, denciehine and soluble sugars. The decreasing rates were 9. 9% - 17.7%, 8.3% - 15.9% , 63.9% -70. 8% , 12. 5% -36. 1% , and 27.3% -37.4%, respectively. And the longer the roots being cleaned after drying, the more the components lost. Cleaning before drying of P. notoginseng roots shortened the drying time, raised the hygiene and appearance traits, and reduced the loss of active ingredients. CONCLUSION That the roots of P. notoginseng be pro- cessed after flushing may be a more suitable method than the traditional processing method. In order to decrease the loss of active com- ponents, ensure the appearance properties, and keep the safety of clinical medication, cleaning before drying should be promoted vigor- ously.