大热输入焊接用钢的焊接粗晶热影响区韧性提升方法研究

Study on the Method of Improving the Toughness of CGHAZ for High Heat Input Welding Steels

通过研究焊接热影响区(HAZ)冲击功分布图,提出大热输入焊接用钢焊接粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)韧性提升的新方法,即在峰值温度不变的条件下,将焊接CGHAZ中晶界铁素体(GBF)和大量针状铁素体(AF)组织改变成细晶热影响区(FGHAZ)多边形铁素体(PF)组织,并消除CGHAZ中破坏韧性的侧板条铁素体(FSP)组织。以对比Ti-V-N与Al-Ti-V-N微合金焊接用钢焊接CGHAZ组织和韧性为基础,探讨了Al-Ti-V-N钢焊接CGHAZ中PF转变条件、形核机制,认为微米级氧化夹杂物是诱导焊接CGHAZ中大量PF形核的关键,纳米级碳氮化物是拖曳、钉扎奥氏体与铁素体晶界的关键,两者的有效配合保证了焊接CGHAZ中大量PF组织生成,从而大幅提升焊接CGHAZ的低温冲击韧性。

Compared with the low heat input welding steel structures, the high strength low alloy （HS- LA） steel structures after high heat input welding keep high temperature with longer time, and the cooling speed is slower, then the austenite crystal grains of coarse-grained heat affected zones （CGHAZ） grow up sharply, and coarse upper bainite （UB） and ferrite side plate （FSP） are generated easily in original austenite crystal, thus toughness of CGHAZ deteriorates seriously. At present, the approach of improving toughness of CGHAZ is to produce massive interleaved acicular ferrite （AF） in the original austenite crystal. However, with the improvement of welding capability for thick plate, welding heat input will be greater, and the hold time of high temperature will be more prolonged. In this case, AF coarsens much seriously, thus the im- provement of CGHAZ toughness is limited severely. In this work, a new method for improving the toughness of CGHAZ in high heat input welding steels by studying the distribution map of HAZ impact value was pro- posed. This new method changes the grain boundary ferrite （GBF） and AF of the CGHAZ to polygonal ferrite （PF） of the fine-grained heat affected zones （FGHAZ） at same peak temperature, which improves the toughness of CGHAZ significantly. Comparing the microstructures and toughness of CGHAZ in Ti-V-N and AI-Ti-V-N micro alloy welding steels, the transformation condition and nucleation mechanism of PF in the CGHAZ of AI-Ti-V-N steel were analyzed. It is found that micron oxide inclusions is a key factor to inducing the nucleation of massive PF in CGHAZ, and nanoscale carbonitride is a key factor to draging and pinning the grain boundaries of austenite and ferrite. Therefore, the effective combination of above two factors guarantees the generation of a large number of PF, which improves the impact toughness greatly at low temperature.