蜗壳式旋风分离器内部流场空间的涡分析

Vortex analysis in flow field of cyclone separator with single volute inlet

为了研究旋风分离器内部空间涡的特性,采用改进的RNG k-ε模型对单入口蜗壳式旋风分离器进行气相流场数值模拟。同时,引入Q判据识别涡的结构,并做出三维涡等值面,使空间涡的结构更加直观和具体;结果表明,利用Q判据做出的涡等值面在筒体上部区域等效直径较大,沿轴线向下,涡面等效直径逐渐减小,表明涡携带能量逐渐衰减;涡等值面并不是绕中心轴线呈规则圆周分布,而是扭曲的。在边壁处,因摩擦阻力存在,涡量急剧变小,涡的能量损失加剧。此外,涡核中心偏离几何中心的变化趋势,呈现先增大后逐渐减小直至较为平稳的过程,在此过程中,涡迅速发展,甚至破裂,产生动能损失。因此,提高涡结构的平衡,有利于改善旋流的不稳定性,降低能量损失,从而提高分离效率。

To study vortex characteristics in cyclone separator, advanced RNG k-ε turbulence model was applied to numerical simulation of strongly rotational gas flow in cyclone separators with single volute inlet. In addition, Q criterion was used to identify vortex structure and to plot more obvious and highly detailed 3D iso-surface of vortex structure. The results showed that equivalent diameter of Q criterion iso-surface was large in upper cylinder and became smaller downward along the axis, indicating gradual decay of vortex-carrying energy. The vorticity iso-surface was not distributed regularly but distorted around central axis. Because of friction resistance, vorticity magnitude decreased sharply and energy lost rapidly near the wall. Furthermore, the deviation of vortex core center from geometric center exhibited a trending process of enlarging in the upper cyclone cylinder, decreasing downward along the axis gradually, and stabilizing eventually at the bottom of the cyclone cylinder. In this process, vortex developed rapidly, sometimes even ruptured, which caused loss of dynamic energy. Therefore, measures to enhance balance of vortex structure were conducive to reduce energy loss, to curb flow instability, and to increase separation efficiency.