β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶及其合成寡糖的研究进展

β-N-Acetylhexosaminidases and their application in the synthesis of β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminides

β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶(EC.3.2.1.52)是一类重要的糖苷水解酶,在自然界中催化简单的β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷或复杂的寡糖链、多糖链中末端N-乙酰己糖苷键的水解,在微生物、植物和动物中广泛分布,具有重要的生物学功能。某些种类的β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶在一定的人为条件下水解β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷键的同时还具有转糖基作用,能将β-N-乙酰氨基己糖基转移到不同的羟基化合物上,合成β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷化合物,在糖链合成上具有应用的潜力。本文综述了β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶的结构和催化机制、酶的生物学功能以及酶在β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷化合物合成中的应用,以促进β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶的进一步研究和开发应用。

β-N-Acetylhexosaminidases （EC.3.2.1.52） are an important class of glycosidases that catalyze hydrolysis of terminal N-acetyl-β-D-hexosamine from various oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. These enzymes are widely distributed in microorganisms, plants, and animals, and play crucial roles in nature. Some β-N-acetylhexosaminidases can catalyze glycosyl transfer to form β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminides, which have shown great potentiality in enzymatic synthesis of functional glycans. In this review, catalytic mechanisms and biological functions of β-N-acetylhexosaminidases, and potential applications of these enzymes in the synthesis of β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminide are summarized.