木质纤维素降解酶生产菌株的遗传改造及应用

Genetic modification and application of lignocellulose degrading fungus

通过纤维素酶将木质纤维素向生物新能源的转化对经济社会的可持续发展具有重要意义,被用于纤维素酶制剂工业化生产的微生物大多属于丝状真菌,但丝状真菌的遗传操作困难,且纤维素酶诱导机制尚未阐明,严重制约了纤维素酶高产菌株选育与应用。本文综述了近年来纤维素酶高产菌株遗传操作方法的进展,重点论述了丝状真菌合成纤维素酶过程中的信号感应、信号传导、转录调控的研究,通过理性改造以提高纤维素酶生产菌株的产酶能力,并且总结展望了丝状真菌在工业生产中的应用。

Conversion from lignocellulose to biofuel with enzyme hydrolysis will be beneficial for sustainable development. Most microorganisms used in the industrial production of cellulase are filamentous fungi. However, isolation of cellulase hyper producing strain is limited by the lack of proven technology on genetic modification of filamentous fungi and the mechanism of cellulase synthesis. In this paper, recent progress in the genetic modification of cellulase hyper producing strains are summarized. Specially, we discussed the influences of signal induction, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation on cellulase synthesis in filamentous fungi. Finally, the industrial application of filamentous fungi was also introduced.