从分裂作格现象看汉语句法的混合性

The mixed nature of Chinese syntax: A split ergativity perspective

一直以来,汉语被认为是一种宾格语言,没有作格性(参见吕叔湘1987;张伯江2014;等等),本文对此提出不同看法。基于Dixon(1979,1994)提出的影响句法混合的四个因素,结合Ura(2006)、Coon&Preminger(2012)、Coon(2013)、Polinsky(2016)等研究,并对照跨语言的分裂作格现象,文章发现汉语在六个方面表现出作格性,汉语因而具有分裂作格语特征,不是单纯的宾格语言。

Chinese has always been regarded as an accusative language without any manifestation of ergativity(see Lü 1987; Zhang 2014 and others). This paper challenges this tradition. It shows that Chinese does exhibit six aspects of ergativity that a typical ergative language possesses, according to Dixon's(1979, 1994) four factors conditioning syntactic splits in ergative languages and the research conducted by Ura(2006), Coon & Preminger(2012), Coon(2013) and Polinsky(2016). The findings of this paper indicate that Chinese has both accusative and ergative syntax and strongly suggest that Chinese is a split-ergative language rather than a purely accusative language.