互助与合作:中国农村互助型社会养老模式研究

The Development of Mutual-Aid Social Aged Care in Rural China

农村互助型社会养老是将"自助—互助"(守望相助)理念寓于社会养老之中,把老年人力资源组织动员起来作为主要服务力量,为老年人提供互助型社会养老服务的新型社会养老模式。它与中国农村传统家庭照料弱化以及激增的老年人无人照料难题相适应,与中国农村传统乡土本色和现代转型相协调,并在中国社会主义新农村建设实践中不断创新发展,具有中国特色。近年来不少农村地区已经开始探索发展互助形式的养老,形成一些可复制经验。中国农村互助型社会养老应该以低成本、广覆盖、可持续为目标,以"自助—互助"的理念与行动为核心,有效利用农村老年人力资源,在发达农村与欠发达农村差异化发展中,解决好快速增长的社会养老需求问题。

The purpose of rural mutual-aid social care is to provide mutual-aid in the daily life of elderly with the notion ＇ Helping Others Is Helping Self＇. It mobilizes older people＇s human resource as the main service force to provide a new lype of social supporl for the elderly. It can solve the problems of the weakened traditional family care in Chinese rural area and the increasing number of elderly left unattended, and coordinate China＇s rural local situation and its modern transformation. It can be upgraded and developed during the construction process of rural area with Chinese characteristics. In recent years, many rural areas began to develop mutual-aid social care, and obtained repeatable successful experience. Chinese rural mutual-aid social care should take low-standard, wide-coverage, and sustainability as the goal, use ＂Helping Others Is Helping Self＂ concept as action core, and more effectively utilize the human resources of rural elderly. In the context of the wide differences lying behNeen developed and underdeveloped rural areas, this may be the best way to resolve the conflict of the rapid growth of elderly population and the limitation of elderly service.