贤能政治与“破心中贼”:中国传统治理之道

Political Meritocracy and “Kill the Theives within”:The Way of Chinese Traditional Governance

贤能政治的讨论中,没有学者关注研究方法的差异。贝淡宁的观点遵循着从思想至实践再到思想的过程,学者们对他的批评则主要来自儒家的文本。通过对商至汉代治理模式的探讨,我们发现目前所讨论的贤能政治在汉代才真正确立,但是这种贤能政治既融合了儒家、法家的思想,也吸收了周朝和秦朝的经验,是一种复合型的贤能政治。贤能者不但在于执行法律,使人们外在的行为改变;更重要的在于教化,以＂破心中贼＂,只有做到此,才能实现王朝的长治久安。

In current discussions about political Meritocracy,few attentions were put into the differences in methodology.Daniel A.Bell constructs his doctrine of Meritocracy in a dialectical circle of"theory-practice-theory".Scholars turn against him mainly from the different understandings of Confucian texts.By a close examination of the history of Meritocracy from Shang Dynasty to Han Dynasty,we may find the Chinese form of Meritocracy reached its completeness in Han Dynasty.Yet even this kind of Meritocracy is a mixed regime of Confucianism,Legalism and the experience of Zhou and Qin Dynasties.A virtuous governor not only enforces law to change people’s objective behavior,but also civilizes their mind to"kill the thieves within".Only in this way may a Dynasty achieve its prolonged stability.