过渡时代的政治选择:梁启超贤能政治观述论

The Political Choice in the Transitional Period:On Liang Qichao’s View of Political Meritocracy

清末民初,梁启超借助日本东学这一路径,对兴起于近代西方的民权学说与国家主义有了较为深入的了解,从而确立起更具现代意义的认知体系,为全新政治观的形成积累了思想资源。立足于人类政治发展规律的宏大背景之上,梁启超明确提出过渡时代说,认为政治演进的方向将是立宪政治,但不同历史阶段需要适应的政治建设方略。作为过渡时代的政治选择,贤能政治将以较低的代价促进立宪政治的到来。而之所以可能的关键,就在于其实现了制度建设与贤能治国的统一,同时发挥了制度与人两方面的作用。梁启超的贤能政治观开启了近代民主政治与贤能治国有机融合的可能性,但具体落到实处,将还有很长的路要走。

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,Liang Qichao,with the help of the path of Japan's Eastern Studies,had a deeper understanding of the civil rights theory and nationalism that emerged in modern times,so as to establish a more modern cognitive system and accumulate ideological resources for the formation of a new political view.Based on the grand background of the law of human political development,Liang Qichao clearly put forward the transitional era that the direction of political evolution will be constitutional politics,but different historical stages need the corresponding the political construction strategy.As a political choice in the transitional period,politics can promote the emergence of constitutional politics at a lower price.The reason why the key is possible,it is to achieve the system construction and the unity of the rule of law,at the same time play a system and two aspects of the role.Liang Qichao's political view of openness has opened up the possibility of modern democratic politics and virtuous governance,but it will still have a long way to go.