生物炭对土壤养分及烟叶各时期化学成分的动态影响

Effects of Biochar on Soil Nutrients and Chemical Components of Tobacco Leaves

[目的]探究生物炭施用量对土壤改良及烟叶发育的影响。[方法]以云烟87为试验材料,生物炭施用量设4个水平:CK(0)、T1(2 250 kg/hm2)、T2(4 500 kg/hm2)、T3(6 750 kg/hm2),研究不同稻秆生物炭施用量对土壤养分及烟叶的作用效果。[结果]生物炭在前期增加烟叶还原糖、总糖、淀粉含量而后期则降低其含量。对于总氮及氯的影响较小,尼古丁则呈降低态势。使烟叶化学成分更加协调,从而提高吸食品质。土壤生物炭能增加有机质含量,提高p H值,增加速效钾含量,减少速效磷含量,碱解氮则呈现先增加后减少。综合土壤养分与烟叶品质结果,施用生物炭4 500 kg/hm2处理组效果最佳。[结论]该研究可为生物炭的合理施用提供参考。

[Objective] In order to investigate the effects of biochar application on soil improvement and tobacco leaf development. [ Method ] Taking Yunyan 87 as test material, the biochar was set at 4 levels： CK （0）, T1 （2 250 kg/hm^2 ）, T2 （4 500 kg/hm^2 ） , T3 （6 750 kg/hm^2 ）. The effects of different rice straw biochar on soil nutrients and tobacco leaves were studied. [ Result] Biochar increased the content of reducing sugar, total sugar and starch in the early stage, but decreased the content of the latter. The effects of biochar on nicotine and total nitrogen were light, and nicotine decreased. The chemical composition of tobacco leaves was more coordinated and the smoking quality was improved. The soil biochar could increase the content of organic matter, increase the pH value, increase the content of available potassium and reduce the content of available phosphorus, available nitrogen increased firstly and then decreased. The results of integrated soil nutrient and tobacco leaf quality were the best when application quantity of biochar was 4 500 kg/hm^2. [ Conclusion] The research can provide reference for situable application of biochar.