重庆地区摩托车事故中驾乘人员伤害分析

Analysis on injuries of drivers and passengers in motorcycle traffic accidents in Chongqing area

目的探讨重庆地区摩托车事故中人员损伤特征,为降低摩托车事故伤亡风险提供可靠信息和参考依据。方法深度采集发生在2015年1月至2016年6月重庆地区213例摩托车道路交通事故,采集内容包括事故基本情况、驾驶员信息、人员损伤等,并对事故数据进行统计分析。结果摩托车驾驶员死亡率高于乘员,驾乘人员死亡原因为颅脑损伤和颅脑合并胸腹腔脏器损伤的比例为58.8%和20.0%,头颈部、胸背部、下肢、上肢、腹盆部和会阴部Max简明损伤评分(MAIS)≥2分的比例分别为71%、59%、33%、25%、20%和7%,摩托车驾驶员会阴部损伤发生率高于乘员,驾乘人员中下肢骨与上肢骨发生率之比为1.8∶1.0,摩托车与货车事故中人员更容易遭受车辆碾压。结论头部和胸部损伤是导致摩托车驾乘人员死伤的主要原因,会阴部损伤可作为鉴别部分摩托车事故中驾乘人员的重要依据。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of personal injuries in motorcycle accidents in Chongqing area to provide the reliable information and reference basis for reducing the injury and death risk of the motorcycle accidents. Methods Two hundreds and thirteen cases of motorcycle traffic accident occurred in Chongqing area from January 2015 to June 2016 were deeply collected, the collected contents included the basic information, driver information and personal injury, etc. Then accident data were statistically analyzed. Results The death rate of motorcycle drivers was higher than that of the pillion passengers. The death causes of eraniocerebral injuries and cranioeerebral injuries complicating thoracic and abdominal organ injuries accounted for 58.8% and 20 % respectively, the proportions of head and neck, chest and back, lower extremity, upper extremity, abdominal and pelvic part and perineal part MAIS≥2 were 71% ,59% ,33% ,25% ,20% and 7% respectively. The perineal injury rate of motorcycle drivers was higher than that of the pillion passengers. The ratio of occurrence rates between lower extremity fracture to upper extremity fracture was 1.8 ： 1, the persons in motorcycles-trucks accidents were easier to suffer from vehicle crushing. Conclusion Head and chest injuries are important causes leading to motorcycle drivers and pillion passengers＇ death and injury. The perineal injury can serve as an important basis for identifying the drivers and pillion passengers in partial motorcycle accidents.