高寒冻土层地区不同土壤改良措施对花叶海棠光合特性的影响

Effects of Different Soil Improvement Measures on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Malus Transitoriain Alpine Permafrost

为促进花叶海棠在天峻县的生长,采用不同比例的森林土、泥炭、腐熟羊粪、河砂和珍珠岩改良土壤,分析不同土壤改良措施下花叶海棠叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及胞间CO_2浓度。结果表明:在6个处理中,S_3(50%森林土+10%泥炭+10%腐熟羊粪+5%河砂+5%珍珠岩+20%原土)、S_2(40%森林土+10%泥炭+10%腐熟羊粪+5%河砂+5%珍珠岩+30%原土)处理的叶片平均净光合速率较大,分别为14.11μmol m^(-2)s^(-1)、13.72μmol m^(-2)s^(-1),增长率分别为17.58%、14.32%;S_3、S_6(10%森林土+50%泥炭+10%腐熟羊粪+5%河砂+5%珍珠岩+20%原土)处理的叶片平均蒸腾速率较大,分别为12.44mol m^(-2)s^(-1)、11.64mol m^(-2)s^(-1),增长率分别为65.65%、54.99%;S_6、S_3处理的叶片平均气孔导度较大,分别为0.455mol m^(-2)s^(-1)、0.426mol m^(-2)s^(-1),增长率分别为49.18%、39.68%;S_3处理的叶片平均胞间CO_2浓度较大,为280.1μmol mol^(-1),增长率为21.10%;不同土壤改良措施与花叶海棠叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率及胞间CO_2浓度均呈极显著性相关(P<0.01),与气孔导度呈显著相关(P<0.05),经各项指标综合分析,筛选出经S_3处理的试验地最适宜花叶海棠生长。

In order to accelerate the growth of Malus transitoria in Tianjun county,adopting different proportions（50%forest soil＋10% peat＋10% composting sheep manure＋5% river sand ＋5% perlite＋ 20% soil）,photosynthetic,transpiration rate,conductance,and intercellular CO2 concentration were analyzed under different soil improvement.Results show ：under six conditions,average net photosynthetic rate in leaves of Malus transitoriatreated byS3,S2 is big,being 14.11μmol m^-2s^-1,13.72μmol m^-2s^-1respectively.growth rates of 17.58% 14.32%.S3、S6average transpiration rate are 12.44 mol m^-2s^-1 11.64 mol m^-2s^-1,growth rates are 65.65%and54.99%.Average stomatal conductance of leaves treated by S6S3are 0.455 mol m^-2s^-1 0.426 mol m^-2s^-1,growth rates are 49.18% 39.68%.Average intercellular CO2 concentration treated by S3 is 280.1μmol mol^-1,growth rates is 21.10%,different soil improvement measures are positively correlated with photosynthetic,transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration of leaves of Malus transitoria（P0.01）,and inversely correlated with conductance（P0.05）,tests show：selected S3 is optimum for Malus transitoria to grow.