压力下运动员“Choking”现象的实验研究

An Experimental Study on the “Choking” Phenomenon of Athletes under Pressure

"Choking"现象即压力条件下一种习惯的运动执行过程发生衰变的现象。本文通过两个系列实验比较了在轻度压力的前测和高压的后测中被试是否发生"Choking"以及理论原因。(1)实验1首先考察了压力下运动员是否发生"Choking",结果表明压力下无论是专家组被试还是新手组被试都产生了"Choking",并且各种压力源对他们的影响程度都是不同的;(2)实验2在实验1的基础上进行,主要目的是验证"Choking"现象的不同理论解释,结果证实干扰理论和自动执行理论在不同条件下存在的合理性,即干扰理论适用于解释新手被试"Choking"的发生原因,自动执行理论适用于专家组被试的"Choking"发生原因。

＂Choking＂ phenomenon that under pressure conditions, is a habit of the implementation of the process of decay phenomenon. In this paper, two series of experiments were conducted to compare whether the occurrence of ＂Choking＂ and theoretical reasons in the post-test and high-pressure post-test of mild stress. （1） Experiment 1 first examined whether or not the player had ＂Choking＂ under pressure. The re- sults showed that under the stress, both the expert group and the novice group have produced ＂Choking＂, and the influence of various pressure sources on them （2） Experiment 2 was carried out on the basis of experiment 1. The main purpose was to verify the different theoretical explanations of the phenomenon of ＂Choking＂. The results showed that the rationality of interference theory and automatic execution theory under different conditions, namely interference theory. It was used to explain the cause of the ＂Choking＂ of the novice subject, and the reason why the automatic execution theory applied to the ＂Choking＂ of the expert group.