心理咨询中当事人改变发生关键点的定性研究

Qualitative research of key point of client's change in counseling

目的:分析心理咨询中当事人改变发生的关键点,了解在此关键点上当事人的认知、情感等特点。方法:选取国外同化模型研究领域公开发表文献中的14例成功案例,国内相关研究领域中的5例成功案例,采用二手资料分析的方法对19例成功案例改变关键点的会谈资料进行分析。结果:共提取出9个类属,分别为认识了问题产生的原因、所伴随的情绪感受、出现新的觉察、问题经验的威胁解除、发现了自身的行为模式、原有冲突对立的双方能够共存、直接表述想要表达问题声音、区分性地来看待事物和发现未来的行动方向。结论:当事人改变发生的关键点背后,认知的改变带来情绪的变化,从而使原有问题经验的威胁得以解除,冲突对立双方能够共存,当事人的内心冲突得以缓解。

Objective： To analyze the key point of client＇s change in counseling, and found the cognitive, e- motional and other characteristics in the key point of change. Methods： Totally 14 foreign cases and 5 domestic ca- ses with good outcome that came from the published literature in the area of assimilation model were analyzed. The secondary data analysis was used to analyze the cases＇data~ Results： Analysis revealed that 9 categories were gener- ated from the data, which were understanding the causes of the problems, the accompanying feelings, the emergence of a new awareness, removing the problematic voice＇s threat, discovering behavior pattern, allowing the coexistence of both original conflicts, directly expressing the problematic voice desired to be expressed, viewing things with dif- ferent perspectives, finding out the direction of future action. Conclusions： Behind the key point of client＇s change, changes in cognition could lead to changes in emotion, so that the problematic voice＇s threat could be removed and the coexistence of original conflict could be allowed, and then bring about the relief of the client＇s inner conflict.