不同情绪状态大学生自发自传体记忆的情绪一致性

Mood congruency of involuntary autobiographical memories in college students with different moods

目的:考察不同情绪状态大学生自发自传体记忆是否存在情绪一致性现象。方法:通过校园招募平台选取情绪状态正常的在校大学生60名,用情绪图片和音乐诱发出不同的情绪状态(积极、消极和中性),被试记录在警戒任务过程中产生的自发自传体记忆,评估记忆的主观愉悦性评价,计算不同效价记忆比例。请2名未参加实验的评定者协商后将记录到的自发自传体记忆的客观效价分为积极、消极和中性3种类型,评估不同客观效价自发自传体记忆的回忆量。实验结束后被试评定当前情绪状态。结果:不同情绪状态下被试对自发自传体记忆的主观愉悦性评价等级差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。情绪状态与自发自传体记忆的客观效价之间交互作用有统计学意义(P<0.01),进一步的简单效应分析发现,积极状态下积极记忆的回忆量高于中性状态下积极记忆的回忆量[(6.3±5.5)vs.(2.8±2.2),P<0.01];在消极记忆和中性记忆的回忆中,不同情绪状态下记忆的回忆量间差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。被试评定的积极和消极记忆比例与实验结束后的情绪状态均无统计学意义相关(r=0.29、-0.13,均P>0.05)。结论:本研究提示,不同情绪状态大学生自发自传体记忆不存在情绪一致性现象,即使处于消极情绪状态,其自发自传体记忆也会表现出一种"乐观倾向"。

Objective： To explore whether there is mood congruency effect of involuntary autobiographical memories among different mood undergraduates. Methods： Totally 60 college students were induced to generate positive, negative or neutral mood by emotional pictures and music. Vigilance task paradigm was used to induce in- voluntary autobiographical memory in the present experiment. All participants were asked to rate the pleasantness of involuntary autobiographical memories, then the memory proportion of different valence was calculated. Two raters who had not taken part in the experiment were instructed to divide the objective memory contents into positive, neg- ative and neutral three types. Furthermore, the number of involuntary autobiographical memories recalled was evalu- ated according to the valence of objective memory contents. Besides, all participants were asked to rate the mood state at the end of the experiment. Results： There was no significant difference in pleasantness ratings among differ-ent mood college students （P 〉 O. 05）. There was a significant interaction between mood state and the valence of objective memory contents （ P 〈 0.01）. Further examination of the interaction suggested the number of positive memory contents recalled was greater in positive state compared with neutral state [ （6. 3 ~ 5.5） vs. （2. 8 ~ 2. 2）, P 〈0. 01]. However, there was no difference in the number of negative memory contents and neutral memory con- tents among different mood states （Ps 〉 0. 05）. Additionally, no matter the pleasantness ratings was positive or neg- ative, there was no significant correlation between the proportion of memories and mood state rated at the end of the experiment （r = 0. 29, -0. 13, Ps 〉 0. 05）. Conclusion： It suggests that there does not exist mood congruency effect of involuntary autobiographical memories among college students in different mood states. Even in negative mood state, their involuntary autobiographical memories would still display a kind of ＂optimistic bias＂.