应用综合指数法评价江苏省城市生活饮用水水质

Evaluation of urban drinking water quality in Jiangsu province by integrated index method

目的评价江苏省城市生活饮用水水质状况。方法 2015年在枯、丰水期采集江苏省城市水厂水样检测,运用内梅罗法、最差因子判别法、加权平均法计算水质综合指数,对城市生活饮用水水质进行评价和分析。结果全省155家城市水厂共采集水样2 398份,水质综合指数为0.52±0.13,水质合格率为89.07%。枯水期水质综合指数(0.51±0.11)优于丰水期(0.53±0.14);出厂水水质(0.49±0.10)优于末梢水(0.52±0.14)、二次供水(0.52±0.10);水库水源水质(0.49±0.07)优于江河(0.51±0.13)、湖泊(0.55±0.09)、深井(0.60±0.19);常规处理水水质(0.51±0.12)优于仅消毒处理水(0.64±0.20);一氯胺消毒处理水水质(0.38±0.04)优于液氯处理水(0.51±0.09)、二氧化氯处理水(0.59±0.31);深度处理后水质(0.51±0.09)优于未深度处理水(0.53±0.16),以上差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。主要不合格指标有6项,其中消毒剂2项,一般化学指标2项,微生物、毒理学指标各1项。结论江苏省2015年城市生活饮用水水质较好,饮用水水质主要受水源类型、水处理工艺等影响。

Objective To investigate urban drinking water quality in Jiangsu province. Methods Water samples collected from ur- ban water works in ]iangsu province in dry seasons and wet seasons were detected; Nemerow index method together with minimum op- erator and weighted average method were used to calculate integrated indexes, which were evaluated and analyzed for drinking water quality. Results A total of 2 398 water samples from 155 urban water works in 2015 were collected. Water quality index （WQI） was 0. 52±0. 13;among which 89. 07± reached the standard for drinking water. WQI of water samples from dry seasons （0. 51 ±0. 11） was better than that of wet seasons （0. 53!0. 14）, finished water quality （0. 49±0. 10） was better than tap water （0. 52±0. 14） and secondary water supply （0. 522k0. 10） ; water from reservoirs （0. 49±0. 07） was better than rivers （0. 51 ±0. 13）, lakes （0. 55± 0. 09） and wells （0. 60 ± 0. 19） ; regularly treated water （0. 51 ± 0. 12） was better than water only treated by disinfection （0. 64 ± 0. 20） ; water treated by monochlorine（0. 38：±0. 04） was better than water treated by liquid chlorine（0. 51±0. 09） and chlorine dioxide （0. 59±0.31） ; water under advanced treatment （0. 51-_!-_0. 09） was better than normally treated water （0. 53±0. 16）, all with statis- tical differences（all P〈0. 05）. There were 6 main unqualified indicators, including 2 disinfectant indicators, 2 general chemical indicators, 1 microbiological and 1 toxicological indicator. Conclusion The drinking water quality of Jiangsu province in 2015 was generally good, drinking water source and water treatment technology were major influencing factors for drinking water quality.