鹿茸水溶性与脂溶性成分提取方法的优化及含量分析

Optimization of Extraction Methods for Water Soluble and Liposoluble Components of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum and Content Analysis

目的:探索鹿茸可溶性成分(水溶性成分和脂溶性成分)的最优提取工艺,并分析其在我国常见鹿茸中的含量规律。方法:通过比较3种不同破碎方法(超声波提取法,Bullet Blender细胞组织破碎仪提取法和净信组织细胞研磨仪提取法),结合凝胶过滤色谱,得出最佳水溶性成分提取方法。通过比较样品的两种前处理方式(105℃烘干法和24 h冻干法),采用索氏提取法,筛选最适的脂溶性成分测定方法。最后按照优化后实验方案对梅花鹿二杠茸、梅花鹿三杈茸、马鹿茸的尖部和基部可溶性成分进行测定。结果:水溶性成分的提取采用Bullet Blender细胞组织破碎仪法,参数为三档位,3 min,破碎3次,可得到最高提取效率;脂溶性成分的提取采用105℃烘干法,平行实验数据较稳定,相对偏差<5%。不同种类鹿茸尖部和基部的可溶性成分质量分数分别为梅花鹿二杠茸36.06%,8.30%,梅花鹿三杈茸34.54%,7.20%,马鹿茸32.42%,3.91%。结论:该实验成功筛选出鹿茸水溶性与脂溶性成分的最优提取方法,并且发现不同种类鹿茸的可溶性成分在尖部含量明显高于基部,且含量差异表现为梅花鹿二杠茸>梅花鹿三杈茸>马鹿茸的递减趋势,但差异并不显著。

Objective：To explore the optimal extraction procedures of soluble components（water-soluble and liposoluble components） of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum,and analyze their content variations by using Chinese deer antlers.Method：The optimal extraction method of the water-soluble components was obtained by comparing three different fragmentation methods（ultrasonic extraction method,bullet blender cell and tissue fragmentation method and Jingxin tissue and cell grind extraction method） coupled with gel filtration chromatography（GFC）.The more suitable measurement method for liposoluble components was determined by comparing two pre-treatment methods（105 ℃ drying method and 24 h freeze-drying method） coupled with soxhlet extraction.Finally,an optimal extraction project was adopted to measure the soluble components between the tip and basal portions of sika deer twobranch antlers,sika deer three-branch antlers and wapiti antlers.Result：The highest extraction efficiency of watersoluble components in Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum was obtained when Bullet Blender cell and tissue fragmentation method was used and the parameter was set at third grade,3 mins for 3 times.The extraction of liposoluble components was stable when 105 ℃ drying method was used,and the relative deviation was less than 5%.The contents of soluble components in the tip and basal portions of different kinds of antlers were 36.06% and 8.30% for sika deer two-branch antlers;34.54% and 7.20% for sika deer three-branch antlers;32.42% and 3.91% for wapiti antlers.Conclusion：We successfully determined the best extraction methods for water-soluble and liposoluble components in velvet antlers,and found that the soluble components of different kinds of deer antlers in the tip portions were significantly higher than those in the basal portions.The results showed a descending trend in sika deer two-branch antlers,sika deer three-branch antlers and wapiti antlers as well,but the differences were not significant.