中国文学海外接受的调研分析与启示——以郝景芳《北京折叠》为中心

The Analysis,Revelation and Problems of Overseas Reception of Chinese Literature——Radiated from Hao Jingfang's Folding Beijing

基于在加拿大里贾纳大学孔子学院讲学时采集的38份问卷,本文以我国文学的经典著作以及2016年获雨果奖的《北京折叠》在海外的接受情况为依据,分别就语文教育、时间维度、文学事件、文学特质等四个问题与中国文学海外接受的关系,阐述了所获启示。其一,语文教育。发现课堂教学和文字阅读是海外非华裔读者接受中国文学经典的主要渠道和媒介,同时伴以由最初接触影视与图像媒介获得信息转而阅读其文字,形成接受渠道、方式以及意义发生的复杂化。由此提出文艺评论价值体系的理论建设,理当将文学经典海外接受的特点、功能、价值评价和具体批评纳入视野,并应特别关注在普遍性批评标准前提下的特殊性问题。其二,时间维度。时间不仅铸就文学经典,还给予其改编为其他媒介和形式的机会,并自然造成了经验交流的层次性与丰富性。由此提出了中国文学经典的海外价值记述和评价任务。其三,文学事件。发现国内已然为文学事件的文学作品与海外以此定性的接受程度并非直接对等。海外接受缘于文化语境的复杂性,文学经典之冷热导致交流经验的动态性。由此提出了价值评价的动态性问题。其四,文学特质,提出了如何通俗易懂地解说文学经典的"内在价值",并由此过渡到海外读者可能获得的"意义"层面,是文学经典实现海外价值的重要一环。

Based on 38 received questionnaires about 2016 Hugo Award winner Folding Beijing＇s oversea reception and other Chinese literary classics in Confucius Institute of University of Regina,Canada,this article reflects the revelation of ongoing project called ＂ the Study of Theoretical Construction and Practice of Chinese Literary Criticism Value System＂,which aims to bring relevant questions as its deeper goal.The first is Chinese education,which we find that classroom teaching and reading articles are the main sources of non-Chinese readers accepting Chinese classic literature.The second is time dimension,which not only forms classic literature,but also gives chances to adapt it into other types and mediums resulting in the rich of experience communication.The third is literature event,which is found unmatched with foreign value records and comment tasks.Foreign accept originated from the complex context,and the hot and cold of classic literature lead to the trends of experience communication.The forth is literature peculiarity,which raises a question how to interpret the ＂inner price＂ of classic literature popularly,so as to get the result that the meaning acquired by foreign readers from the classic literature is an important part of foreign price realized from Chinese classic literature.