民国南京环卫收运管理问题研究——以粪秽处理为研究对象(1927-1937)

The Problem of Environmental Sanitation Transportation Management in Nanjing during the Republic of China(1927-1937)——Take Faeces Treatment for Example

本文以民国南京粪秽环卫收运管理为研究对象,藉以探讨国民政府定都南京以来的粪秽环卫管理问题,进而深入分析具体管理问题所产生的深层次原因,以及政府在城市环境卫生管理中的角色、地位和对城市社会发展的影响。1927年国民政府奠都南京后,城市快速发展,人口增长迅速,随之带来的是城市环卫收运处理的问题,为减轻城市环境卫生压力,南京市政府先后使用招商承包及政府自办等办法推行城市环境卫生的合理管理,然而实际效果并不令人满意,政府在城市环境卫生管理事业上没有取得明显的成效。由于经费的缺乏,管理方式的简单化,以及缺乏强制性的执行机构等因素的存在,城市粪秽收运管理并不尽如人意,各式掣肘充斥,许多卫生建设与管理的方案还停留在规划设计的层面上,诸多政策制度更不能有效落实,南京城市卫生现代化进程仍然任重而道远。

This paper attempts to take human waste collection in Nanjing sanitation management as the research object,and to investigate the problem of human waste sanitation management in the capital of Nanjing national government.We will also analyze these profound reasons penetratingly,and find the role and status of the government in the management of urban environmental sanitation and its impact on urban social development.In 1927,the National government established the capital in Nanjing.With the rapid development of the city,the population grows rapidly.It issued the problem of the city sanitation collection.In order to alleviate the urban environmental sanitation pressure,Nanjing municipal government had adopted the measures of investment contracting and government self management.However,the actual effect was not satisfactory.The government had not made remarkable achievements in the management of urban environmental sanitation.Due to lack of funds,simplification of management methods,and the lack of mandatory enforcement agencies and other factors,city＇s human waste collection and transportation management was not famous,filling with various constraints.Many schemes for health construction and management remained at the planning and design level.Many policies and systems could not be effectively implemented.Nanjing＇s urban sanitation modernization process still had a long way.