政治认同的经济学考量

Economic Analysis of Political Identification

政治认同既是经济物品,也是选择行为,可以进行经济学分析。作为经济物品,政治认同稀缺,而需求旺盛,有扩大供给之需要。获得政治认同有代价,需要用公共物品来交换。作为选择行为,既体现为基于供需和个人估值的选择,也体现为建立在对公共物品的认可和接受基础上的交换,还体现在通过理性选择进行决策参与,以及对治理目标的认可与合作方式的选择。提高政治认同可以降低国家治理的社会成本,包括政府支付成本、社会信息成本、社会协调成本、社会决策成本和制度执行成本,降低国家治理成本即可增加社会整体收益。提高政治认同需要改善政府供给,要求加强公共物品供给侧改革意识,提高公共物品的消费者效用,兼顾公共物品的不同效应,提高公共决策的科学性,加强公共物品的"售后"服务。

Political identification is both economic objects and choice behavior, so it can be analyzed by economics. The supply of political identification, as economic objects, is needed to expand, because it is scarce and demand of it is very strong. Political identification needs to be exchanged, for it has a price. As an economic choice behavior, political identification is reflected not only in the choice of supply and demand and personal valuation, and in the exchange on the basis of recognition and acceptance of public goods, but also in the rational choice of decision-making participation, as well as in the recognition of governance objectives and the choice of mode of cooperation. Increasing political identification can reduce the social costs of state governance, including government payment costs, social information costs, social coor- dination costs, social decision costs and system implementation costs. It will increase overall social benefits. To improve political identification, the supply of government needs to be improved. The awareness of reform of public goods supply side needs to be strengthened, the utilily of public goods needs to be improved, the different effects of public goods need to be taken into account, the scientific nature of public decision-making needs to be improved, and the ＂after-sales＂ service of public＇, goods needs to be enhanced.