江西省乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员流动性

Turnover of health technical personnel in township health centers of Jiangxi province

目的了解江西省乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员流动整体情况及流动特征,为乡镇卫生院改善卫技人员流动情况、优化卫生人才队伍提供参考。方法通过普查方式对江西省1 593家乡镇卫生院2012—2014年流动卫生技术人员情况进行调查,运用描述性统计与检验结合的方式,从人员流动总体情况、人员流动特征、人员流动原因3个方面进行分析。结果 2012—2014年江西省乡镇卫生院流出卫技人员共3 994人,流入1 436人;性别(男性44.10%,女性55.90%)、年龄结构(≤26岁占23.70%,26~35岁占36.50%,36~45岁占27.10%,46~55岁占7.80%,>55岁占4.90%)、学历(研究生占0.10%,本科占13.70%,大专占47.30%,中专占32.90%,中专水平占4.60%,无学历占1.60%)、职称水平(高级占1.70%,中级占19.80%,初级占58.80%,无职称占19.70%)在流动情况上差异均有统计学意义,流出人员总体素质高于流入人员,流入人员年龄小于流出人员,流出的主要原因是发展前景受限(36.59%)和薪资待遇低(30.42%),流入人员主要方式为社会招聘(35.03%)和其他机构流入(24.79%)。结论江西省乡镇卫生院卫技人员呈减少趋势,卫生人才结构不合理,高层次人员"下不去,留不住"情况需引起重视。

Objective To examine the status and characteristics of turnover among health technical personnel in township health centers of Jiangxi province and to provide a basis for improving the turnover of the health technicians and optimizing health human resources in township hospitals.Methods We conducted a survey on the turnover of the health technicians in 1 593 township hospitals in Jiangxi province between 2012 and 2014.Descriptive analyses and test were used in data analysis.Results During the 3-year period,the total number of health technicians quitting from and being hired by the township health centers were 3 994 and 1 436,respectively.The turnover status of the health technicians differed statistically by gender （44.10% being male and 55.90% being female）,age （23.70% aged ≤ 26 years,36.50% aged 26-35,27.10% aged 36-45,7.80% aged 46-55,and 4.90% aged 〉55）,education background （0.10% with master degree,13.70% with university,47.30% with college,32.90% with technical secondary school,4.60% with the education equivalent to technical secondary school,and 1.60% without formal professional education）,and professional title （1.70% with senior title,19.80% intermediate title,58.80% with primary title,and 19.70% with no professional title）.The overall competency of the health technicians quitting from the township health centers was higher than those hired by the centers,while the health technicians hired by the township health centers were generally younger than those quitting from the centers.Main reasons for the health technicians quitting from the township health centers were career limitation （36.59%） and low salary （30.42%）;while the majority of the health technicians hired by the health centers were through social recruitment （35.03%） and transferring from other institutions （24.79%）.Conclusion The structure of health technicians is unreasonable and the technicians declines in numbers in township health centers in Jiangxi province;the condition needs to be concerned.