滇西南地区住居环境构成要素——以云南佤族民居为例

THE CONSTITUTIVE FACTORS OF RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT IN SOUTHWEST YUNNAN——A CASE STUDY OF WA DWELLINGS IN YUNNAN PROVINCE

经济的快速发展,使得带有地域特点的少数民族民居文化被现代化的进程侵蚀着。云南是我国少数民族聚集最多的地区,佤族是其中的少数民族之一,主要分布在中缅边境一带地区及向中南半岛延伸至泰国北部。我国佤族先民,改革开放以前,过着刀耕火种的生活。民居主要建于半山腰,为适应山地及潮湿的气候,建筑形式多以干栏式为主,也有部分受到汉族文化影响的民居为四壁落地式,大部分受傣族住居形式影响较大,房屋形式多为干栏式竹木构架。本文试图通过对佤族民居实地调研,选取有代表性的佤族村落进行比较分析,试图得出滇西南地区传统民居构成要素,希望通过本文研究有助于传统民居的更新与发展。

The rapid development of the economy makes the culture of ethnic minorities with regional characteristics eroded by the process of modernization. Yunnan is one of the largest ethnic groups in China. The Wa is one of the ethnic minorities. It is mainly distributed in the Sino-Burmese border area and extends to the southern part of Thailand. China＇s Wa ancestors, before the reform and opening up, live a slash and burn life. Residential buildings mainly built in the hillside, in order to adapt to the mountain and humid climate, architectural forms and more to dry bar-based, but also part of the Han culture by the impact of residential buildings for the four walls, and most of the larger forms are effected by Dai residents. The form of the house is mostly dry bar-type bamboo frame. This paper attempts to find out the elements of the traditional houses in the southwestern part of Yunnan province by trying to find out the typical Wa residential villages through the field investigation of the Wa people, and hope that this study will help the renewal and development of the traditional houses.