良渚文化玉器产地的综合分析

A Comprehensive Research on the Origin of Liangzhu Jade Ware

良渚文化玉器产地是其玉器和社会研究的本源问题之一,其又可以分解为玉料开采地和玉器加工地两个方面。在系统分析良渚文化玉器的矿物种类及玉色、外观结构的基础上,本文首先将良渚文化最主要的透闪石-阳起石玉料分作纯色料、杂色料和"鸡骨白"三种。针对良渚文化玉料开采地问题,文章主要回顾了科技考古工作的相关探索及研究现状,并着重分析了小梅岭玉矿的产源可能性。基于对制玉遗存的全面界定,笔者随后详细梳理了良渚文化目前的相关发现,最终认为,苏皖浙三省交界处的大面积山地区应是探索良渚文化玉料开采地最主要的区域;而良渚遗址群中的塘山遗址和宁镇地区的丁沙地遗址应为良渚文化两个明确的玉器加工地,嘉兴地区和苏沪地区也很可能存在当地的制玉作坊。

The origin of jade ware is a principal issue in the research on the jade ware and society system in Liangzhu Culture, including the two aspects such as the sites of mining and places of manufacture. On the basis of the comprehensive observation on the material, color, structure and appearance of Liangzhu jade ware, the tremolite-actinolite as the main materials can be divided into pure, variegated and ＂Jigubai＂ three types. As for the sites of mining, the current author reviews the research situation in scientific archaeology and particularly analyzes the possibility of jade mine in Xiaomei Mountain as jade resource. By confirming the remains of jade ware manufacture, the author sorts out the present relevant discoveries in Liangzhu Culture and then concludes that the wide mountain area among Jiangsu, Anhui and Zhejiang Province should be the main district to explode the sites of jade mining in Liangzhu Culture. Besides, Tangshan Site in Liangzhu sites and Dingshadi Site in Nanjing-Zhenjiang area should be two definite sites of jade ware manufacture. There might be local jade ware workshop in Jiaxing and SuzhouShanghai area.