战国时期巴蜀文化水草纹符号试析

Aquatic Plant Pattern in Ba-Shu Culture of the Warring States Period

文章通过对27件■符号的器物分析,认为■符号的使用流行在战国时期,战国中期晚段与晚期早段相对集中。从地域上来看,■符号的使用是从川西的蜀人区开始的,尤以成都附近最为集中,战国中、晚期时向南、北、东扩展至巴蜀全境,成都一地的使用情况却相对减少。使用■符号的器物目前只见有铜矛、铜剑、铜戈三类兵器,与器物种类密切相关。■符号的组合有由简单到复杂再到简单的过程,符号间组合的复杂化不代表族群的分化,而是概念表述的繁化与细化。■符号较集中地出现在荥经县北郊同心村墓地、什邡市城关战国墓地、宣汉县罗家坝墓地。族属上,■符号不具有族属符号的性质。■符号在蜀人区多出现在高等级墓葬中,高于巴人区出现的墓葬等级,但都没有标示社会等级的含义。

According to the analysis on the 27 articles with the symbol, the current authors believe that the symbol was a popular pattern in the Warring States Period especially in the middle and late stages. In the geographical sense, the symbol initially appeared in the Shu region in western Sichuan, particularly being concentrated at Chengdu and its nearby areas. In the middle and late stages of the Warring States Period, its application had spread southwardly, northwardly and eastwardly to the whole Ba-Shu area while it emerged less in Chengdu. At present, the discovered articles with symbols merely include three types of weapons such as bronze spears, swords and dagger-axes. The symbol composition follows the way from simple to complex and then becomes simple again. The complication of the symbol composition represents the complication and elaboration of the conception rather than the division of ethnic group. The symbol intensively appeared in the Tongxin cemetery in the northern suburb of Xingjing County, the Chengguan Warring States cemetery in Shifang City and Luojiaba cemetery in Xuanhan County. The symbol isn＇t the mark of an ethnicity. The symbols frequently appear in the high-level tombs in Shu people region. Though the tomb rank is higher than those in Ba region, the symbols do not indicate the social class.