渥巴锡及相关历史人物油画像考释

A Study on the Oil Portraits of Ubashi and Related Historical Figures

2012年现世的渥巴锡、策伯克多尔济、功格、恳泽画像以及迄今尚未现世的舍楞、默们图、沙喇扣肯、雅兰丕勒、德勒德什、达木拜扎勒桑画像,均系乾隆三十六年九月下旬清宫西洋画家艾启蒙在避暑山庄绘制。策伯克多尔济为渥巴锡的堂侄而非其婿,且年长于渥巴锡。布彦楚克、策伯克扎布、奇里布、诺海、蒙滚画像以及迄今尚未现世的巴木巴尔画像,则是乾隆三十七年秋首次到热河瞻觐时所绘,是否艾启蒙绘制,尚难定论。布彦楚克画像将其封爵题为"和硕特贝勒"属错误,应为"和硕特贝子"。阿喇克巴画像当系乾隆四十七年秋首次到热河瞻觐时所绘,艾启蒙决非其绘制者。2012年现世的渥巴锡等十人画像,既与乾隆三十六年艾启蒙所绘福隆安等"脸像八幅"无关,也不完全等同于艾启蒙同年所绘渥巴锡等"脸像十幅"。

The oil portraits of Ubashi, Zebekdorji, Gonge and Khenzer were made public in 2012, while those of Sereng, Moomunt, Scharakokon, Arranpil, Deldesch, and Dambigyaltsan have not been made public until now. All of them were painted by Ignatius Sichelbarth in Chengde Imperial Summer Resort in late September of Qianlong 36 th. Zebekdorji was Ubashi＇s nephew on the paternal side rather than his son-in-law and older than him. The oil portraits of Boyanchuk, Zebekjav, Kirep, Nohai, Monghon, and Bambar were painted in Chengde Imperial Summer Resort in the autumn of Qianlong 37 th when they had an audience with the emperor for the first time. It＇s uncertain that whether the portraits were painted by Ignatius Sichelbarth. The rank of Boyanchuk should be ＂Khoshut Beizi＂ rather than ＂Khoshut Beile＂ as the inscription on his portrait. The oil portrait of Arakba was painted in Chengde Imperial Summer Resort in the autumn of Qianlong 47 th when he had an audience with the emperor for the first time. For Ignatius Sichelbarth died in Qianlong 45 th, it couldn＇t be painted by him. The portraits of Ubashi and other 9 persons made public in 2012 are irrelevant to the ＂eight portraits＂ of Fulongan and some others painted by Ignatius Sichelbarth in Qianlong 36 th. In addition, they are not exactly equal to the ＂ten portraits＂ of Ubashi and others painted by Ignatius Sichelbarth in the same year.