不同年龄、性别体检人群人体组成成分对比分析

Comparative analysis of human body composition among individuals of different age and gender

目的探讨人体组成成分指标在不同年龄性别间的差异,为更精准的个体化营养及运动管理提供依据。方法选取成年健康体检受检者1 656名,按年龄分为6组:18~29岁组(n=79),30~39岁组(n=346),40~49岁组(n=463),50~59岁组(n=471),60~69岁组(n=236),70岁以上组(n=61)。采用In Body 720人体成分分析仪生物电阻抗法检测人体组成成分。结果不同性别者腰臀比,身体水分、蛋白质、矿物质含量,体脂百分比,肌肉量,基础代谢率的分布不同(P<0.05),体质量指数、健康评估得分无差异(P>0.05)。不同年龄组比较发现,男性身体水分含量分布无差异(P>0.05),其余各指标分布有差异(P<0.05);而女性各指标分布均有差异(P<0.05)。基础代谢率在18~39岁间随年龄增长而增高,40岁之后开始下降。体质量指数在18~59岁间随年龄增长而增高,60岁后开始降低。蛋白质、肌肉量、健康评估得分均在50岁之后呈现下降趋势。女性矿物质、肌肉量及身体水分含量随年龄增加而减少,且早于男性。体脂百分比及腰臀比值均随年龄增长而增长,女性增长速度快于男性。结论不同年龄、性别成年受检者人体成分指标有差异。40岁以前是体质量控制的重要年龄段。40岁以后,应随基础代谢率降低而减少能量摄入。女性较男性应更早重视维持机体蛋白质、矿物质含量,增肌减脂,应特别关注腰部减脂。

Objective To investigate the difference of body compositions in individuals of different age and gender,which helps to make more accurate nutrition and exercise protocols in health management. Methods A total of 1 656 adult health examinees were divided into 6 groups by age： 18 to 29 years old group（ n = 79）,30 to 39 years old group（ n = 346）,40 to 49 years old group（ n = 463）,50 to 59 years old group（ n = 471）,60 to 69 years old group（ n = 236）,and more than 70 years old group（ n = 61）. Body compositions of physical examinees were measured by In Body 720 human body composition analyzer with bioelectrical impedance method.Results Therewere differences in waist-hip ratio,body moisture,protein,mineral content,body fat percentage,muscle percentage and basal metabolic rate between males and females（ P 〈 0. 05）,body mass index（ BMI）,health assessment score had no difference（ P 〉0. 05）. Comparing different age groups,male body moisture content distribution had no difference（ P 〉 0. 05）,the index distribution of the remaining had differences（ P 〈 0. 05）; all the index showed differences among different age groups in females（ P 〈 0. 05）. Basic metabolic rate and BMI increased with age in relatively younger groups,and decreased respectively after 40 years old and 60 years old.Protein,muscle percentage and health assessment scores fell from 50 years old. Mineral content,muscle percentage and body moisture decreased along with the growth of age,which was observed earlier in females than in males. Body fat percentage and waist-hip ratio increased with age. Females presented a sharper increase than males. Conclusion Individuals of different age and genders have different body compositions. It is highly suggested that weight be controlled before 40 years old,and energy intake be reduced according to the decrease of basic metabolic rate from 40 years old. Females should pay attention to keep protein,mineral and muscle content,while cut fat earlier than males. Waist slimming should be especially recommended.