巨人之间的哲学差异——从马克思、恩格斯到毛泽东、邓小平

The Philosophical Difference between the Great Men——From Marx and Engles to Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping

在哲学上 ,马克思与恩格斯的理论关注点或侧重点是不尽一致的。马克思更强调主体对客体的能动作用 (即实践中的革命性和批判性 ) ,恩格斯则更强调客体对主体的制约作用 (认识中的反映论 )。作为马克思主义理论传统的继承者 ,毛泽东和邓小平分别体现了马克思和恩格斯各自的哲学特色 ,在主体与客体、理论与实践、意志与理性、物质与精神、理想与现实、能动与反映、解构与建构、激进与渐进、生产力与生产关系等等关系问题上 ,他们的思想和行动均有相当明显的差异 ,从而在领导中国革命和建设事业的过程中 ,产生了迥然不同的历史影响 。

In philosophy, what the theories by Marx and Engles are concerned with and emphasize is not all the same. Marx lays more stress on the role that subject plays on object (i.e. the revolution and criticism in practice), while Engles pays more attention to restrictive function that object exerts on subject (i.e. the theory of reflection in comprehension). Being a successor of the Marxist theory, Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping have reflected respectively the philosophical features of Marx and Engles. They have clear distinction in their thoughts and actions as far as subject and object, ideal and reality, activity and reflection, destructive and constructive, radicalism and incrementalism, productive power and productive relationship, and the like. As a result, in the process of leading the Chinese Revolution and construction, they have produced entirely different historical influence and created the successive yet quite different culture in China.