1American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2009[ M ]. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 2009 : 12-13.
2De Paolie A. Innocente R, Buonadonna A, et al. Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer : New treatment perspectives [J ]. Tumori, 2004, 90(4): 373-378.
3Kapiteijn E, Marijnen CA, Nagtegal ID, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total wesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2001, 345(9): 638-646.
4Camma C, Giunta M, Fiorica F, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy for resectable rectal cancer: a meta-analysis [J]. JAMA ,2000, 284:1008-1015.
5Adam R, Delvart V, Pascal G, et al.Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: a model to predict long-term survival [J].Ann Surg,2004,240(4): 644 - 657.
6Li e vre A, Bachet JB, Boige V, et al. KRAS mutations as an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with cetuximab [J]. J Clin Oncol, 2008, 26: 374-379.
7Tjandra JJ, Kilkenny JW, Buie WD, et al. Practice parameters for the management of rectal cancer (revised) [J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2005, 48(3): 411-423.
8Georgiou P, Tan E, Gouvas N, et al. Extended lymphadenectomy versus conventional surgery for rectal cancer: a recta-analysis [J]. Lancet Oncol, 2009, 10(11):1053-1062.
9Segelman J, Singnomklao T, Hellborg H, et al.Differenees in muhidisciplinary team assessment and treatment between patients with stage Ⅳ colon and rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis [J ]. 2009, 11(7):768-774.
10Merkel S, Mansmann U, Siassi M, et al. The prognostic inhomo- geneity in pT3 rectal carcinomas [J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2001, 16(5): 298-304.