海南岛海湾与潟湖中海草的分布差异及影响分析

Distribution Differences and Environmental Effects of Seagrasses Between Bays and Lagoons of Hainan Island

本文根据2002年至2016年调查数据,研究海南岛海湾与潟湖中海草的分布及其影响因素。结果表明:海南岛沿岸调查到海草共6属10种,优势种为泰来草与海菖蒲,种类数量呈现东部多、北部与南部少的特点;海草分布面积约53.7906km2,呈现北部大于南部、海湾大于潟湖的特点;覆盖度存在由北向南递增趋势。海南岛沿岸海草垂直分布呈现由陆向海梯度分布规律。海草在海湾分布宽度大,主要集中于礁坪内侧,呈现斑块状分布为主,局部区域零星分布的特征;在潟湖分布宽度较小,主要集中于受人为活动干扰较少区域,呈现斑块状或片状分布的特征。潮流、水深、盐度、光照、底质类型与人类活动等对海南岛沿岸海草分布的影响较大,同时藻类、贝类与鱼类等生物对海草存在一定的空间竞争。

According to the survey data from 2002 to 2016,the distribution and environmental effects of seagrasses between the bays and lagoons of Hainan Island were studied.The results showed that 6 generas and 10 species of seagrasses were discovered in studied areas,with which Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides were the dominant species,and eastern species numbers were found higher than northern and southern.The distribution area of seagrasses along the Hainan Island coast was estimated to be approximately 53.7906km^2,which showed the northern area was larger than the southern and the distribution area along the coast of the bays was larger than lagoons.Coverage of seagrasses in the Hainan Island coast presented an increasing trend from north to south.And vertical distribution of seagrasses presented a gradient distribution from land to sea.Moreover,the seagrasses along the bay coast were mainly distributed in the central side of the reef flat,while the seagrasses were found to be mainly distributed in the regions that were less affected by human activities.Compared to the seagrasses along the lagoon coast,the seagrasses along the bay coast had larger width.Interestingly,the seagrasses in both places presented patch distribution patterns.In general,the distribution of seagrasses in the bays and lagoons of Hainan Island were found highly determined by the local tides,water depth,salinity,illumination intensity,sediment types and human activity,meanwhile,the algae,shellfish,fish and other organisms are also important space competitors for seagrasses.