天津市中小学生在校体育锻炼现状态度及原因分析

Investigation on the current situation, attitude and causes of physical exercises of 9-18 years old students in primary and middle schools in Tianjin

目的了解天津市9~18岁中小学生在校体育锻炼现状及体育活动态度,为制定学生体育锻炼对策提供线索。方法应用2014年全国学生体质与健康调研问卷,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,选取天津市9~18岁中小学生6 401名进行问卷调查,内容包括一般信息、在校体育锻炼情况、体育锻炼意愿等。结果每周体育课小学为3节,初中为2节,高中为2节。22.9%的城市高中生认为体育课经常被挤占或不上。90.8%的小学生、81.5%的初中生和58.9%的高中生每天做1~2次的课间操。76.0%的学生愿意上体育课,81.7%的学生愿意参加学校组织的课外体育活动,48.3%的学生愿意参加长跑锻炼。66.8%的学生认为是没有锻炼习惯导致不参加体育锻炼,65.5%的学生是因为怕苦、怕累而不参加长跑锻炼。学生喜欢的运动为乒乓球、羽毛球(63.5%)及篮球、足球、排球(46.3%)等。与正常体重组学生相比,超重肥胖学生更不愿意选择跑、跳类项目。94.8%的学生家长支持学生课余时间参加体育锻炼。结论天津中小学生在校体育锻炼现状不容乐观,多数学生有意愿参加各类体育锻炼。学校是促进学生体育锻炼习惯养成的重要场所。

Objective To understand physical exercise in school and exercise willingness among 9-18 years old students in Tianjin and to provide basis for making students physical exercises plan. Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling, 6 401 Tianjin students aged 9 to 18 years old were investigated with 2014 national student physique and health survey questionnaire. Questionnaire includes general information, physical exercise in school, exercise willingness, etc. Results The frequency of P.E. classes were 3 days a week in primary schools, 2 days a week in middle schools. 90. 8% of primary students,81. 5% of junior and 58.9% of high school students took part in setting-up exercises during the break 1 to 2 times a day. About 22.9% urban high school students thought that their physical education was often compressed or cancelled. 76. 0% of students willing to physical education classes, 81.7% of the students were willing to participate in extracurricular sports activities organized by the school, 48. 3% of students were willing to participate in distance running exercise. 66.8% of the students thought that it because having no exercise habit that many students didn＇ t take part in physical exercise; 65.5% of the students didn＇t like running because of bitter, tired.Students＇ favorite sports were table tennis, badminton（ 63. 5%）, basketball, football and volleyball（ 45. 3%）. Overweight/obesity students were less willing to choose to run/jump projects. 94.8% of the students＇ parents supported that students should spare time to take part in physical exercise. Conclusion Physical exercise in school is not optimistic in Tianjin; Most students have a willingness to take part in all kinds of sports, school sports education is in the important positions to promote students＇ forming physical exercise habits.