某高校有留守经历大学新生生存理由状况及其影响因素

Association between reasons for living and left-behind experiences among college freshmen

目的了解有留守经历大学新生的生存理由及其相关因素,为大学生自杀的预测及预防提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,于2014年9月23日对广州南方医科大学全体3 133名大一新生进行自编大学新生留守基本情况问卷以及青少年生存理由量表测试。结果有留守经历大学新生生存理由总分及家庭凝聚力、同伴接纳、自我接纳得分(4.94±0.56,5.12±0.67,4.84±0.69,5.16±0.65)均比无留守经历大学新生(5.00±0.57,5.22±0.66,4.92±0.71,5.24±0.65)低,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。在有留守经历新生中,父母一方外出组生存理由所有因子得分均高于父母皆外出组,其中家庭凝聚力和自我接纳因子得分(5.18±0.67,5.21±0.66;5.06±0.67,5.10±0.63)差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。在留守开始年龄中,13~18岁期间开始留守组自杀恐惧、家庭凝聚力、同伴接纳、生存理由总分均最高(F值分别为3.953,5.980,3.638,5.747,P值均<0.05)。在与父母联系频次方面,与父母联系1~<2次/周的留守新生组自杀恐惧、家庭凝聚力、生存理由总分均最高(F值分别为5.954,15.566,11.373,P值均<0.05)。方差分析发现,与父母联系频次对生存理由的主效应有统计学意义(F=5.950,P<0.01)。结论有留守经历大学新生的生存理由比非留守大学新生差。留守经历对大学新生生存理由影响的更多原因是情感沟通。

Objective To explore the association between reasons for living with left-behind experiences among college freshmen, and to provide information for suicide prediction and prevention. Methods A total of 3 133 freshman from a university in Guangzhou were chosen by random cluster sampling and investigated with Reasons for Living Inventory for Adolescents（ RFL-A）on September, 2014. Results The scores of reasons for living, family alliance, peer acceptance and support and self-acceptance among college freshmen with left-behind experience（ 4.94±0.56, 5.12±0.67, 4.84±0.69, 5.16±0.65） were significantly lower than those without left-behind experience（ 5.00±0.57, 5.22±0.66, 4.92± 0.71, 5.24± 0.65）. The difference was statistically significant（ P〈0.01）. The scores of family alliance and self-acceptance among those with one migrant parent（ 5.18±0.67,5.21±0.66） was significantly higher than those with parents both went out（ 5. 06 ± 0. 67, 5. 10 ± 0. 63）. The difference was statistically significant（ P〈0.05）. The scores of suicide-related concerns, family alliance, peer acceptance and support, as well as reasons for living among left-behind experience during 13-18 years old was the highest（ F = 3.953, 5.980, 3.638, 5.747,P〈0.05）. The scores of suiciderelated concerns, family alliance and reasons for living among students with contacts with parents once a week/two weeks was the highest（ F = 5.954,15.566,11.373, P〈0.01）. Frequency in contacting with migrant parents had significant main effects on reasons for living（ F = 5.950, P〈0.01）. Conclusion Reasons for living among undergraduate with left-behind experience are lower compared with counterparts without left-behind experience. The real reasons influencing reasons for living among those college freshmen might correlate more with attachment with parents.