深圳南山区2011—2015年流动儿童伤害特点分析

Analysis on injury surveillance among migrant children in Nanshan District of Shenzhen from 2011 to 2015

目的了解深圳市南山区伤害监测哨点医院流动儿童伤害病例的流行病学特征,为预防控制儿童伤害提供科学依据。方法收集2011—2015年因伤害首次在深圳市南山区伤害监测哨点医院急诊科就诊的0~18岁流动儿童病例资料,对发生的原因、地点、性质、意图、严重程度及结局等进行分析。结果 2011—2015年共报告流动儿童伤害病例11 806例,占总伤害病例数的5.7%,男、女童性别比为2.01∶1。伤害发生原因前4位分别为跌倒/坠落(52.0%)、钝器伤(18.5%)、动物伤(14.9%)、刀/锐器伤(7.3%);伤害发生地点前4位分别为家中(44.4%)、公共居住场所(21.0%)、学校与公共场所(16.4%)、公路/街道(10.2%);伤害性质前4位分别为挫伤(53.2%)、锐器伤(34.0%)、扭伤/拉伤(7.8%)、烧烫伤(2.4%)。不同年龄组儿童伤害原因、地点、性质构成差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为3.89,44.37,14.06,P值均<0.01)。伤害意图以非故意伤害为主(99.0%);伤害的严重程度以轻微的浅表伤(96.0%)为主;伤害结局中,处理后出院占96.1%。结论流动儿童伤害发生特点与性别、年龄密切相关。应采取多部门合作的方式,对不同年龄段儿童采取有针对性的干预措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of injuries among migrant children in Nanshan District of Shenzhen,and provide basis for injury prevention and control among children. Methods Injury occurrence data of migrant children aged 0-18, who firstly treated in Nanshan hospital emergency department during 2011-2015, were collected, and the causes,location, characteristics, intention, severity and outcome of injury were analyzed. Results From 2011 to 2015, a total of 11 806 injury cases were reported,accounting for 5.7% of all the injury cases. Injury occurrence among boys was much higher than that of girls,with a gender ratios of 2. 01 ∶ 1. The four top causes of injuries were falling（ 52. 0%）,blunt injury（ 18. 5%）,animal injury（ 14.9%）,and sharp instrument injury（ 7.3%）.The main places where injuries occurred were homes（ 44.4%）,public residential areas（ 21.0%）,schools/public areas（ 16. 4%） and road/streets（ 10. 2%）. Regarding the characteristic of injury, the top four were bruises（ 53.2%）,sharp injuries（ 34.0%）,strains（ 7. 9%） and burns（ 2. 4%）. There were significantly statistical differences in the causes, locations, and characteristics of injury among children of different age groups（ Z = 3.89, 44.37, 14.06, P〈0.01）. Most of injury cases were unintentional（ 99.0%）; most injuries（ 96.0%） were mild superficial injuries and 96.1% of the patients could be discharged from hospital after treatments. Conclusion The causes of injury in migrant children are closely related to children ＇s gender and age. Cooperation in many departments should be made to take targeted measures to prevent and control injuries of migrant children.