吴大澂玉器收藏和清代古玉作伪——从上海博物馆馆藏实物及文献记载出发

The Analysis of Wu Dacheng's Jadewares and Forged Jade Products of The Qing Dynasty Starting from the Shanghai Museum Collected Jade Objects and Historical Records

本文通过对上海博物馆馆藏的18件吴大澂旧藏玉器的器形、工艺、年代和著录研究,以及对其材质和次生色分布的科学分析,发现其均为透闪石质软玉,部分器物有人工做色痕迹。同时,作者结合文献记载,推断吴大澂至迟自1887年涉猎玉器收藏,获得方式包括收购、交换和受赠,来源主要为厂肆,较少亲力寻访购入,其玉器藏品种类丰富,其中不乏仿古器物,早期器物占比较大,尤多大体量的史前玉器。清晚期玉器作伪兴盛,人工做色普遍。北京、陕西、河南、苏州、扬州、上海等地是重要的古玉器流通地,也可能是重要的仿古玉生产地。

The analysis of 18 jade objects of Wu Dacheng which are now collected in Shanghai Museum in terms of design, techniques, age, record, material and distribution of secondary colors is followed by the conclusion that they are all tremolite jades, some of which are of man-made color. The records suggest that Wu Dacheng started collecting jade objects as early as in 1887 by purchasing, trading and receiving them as gifts. He would like to deal with antique merchants more than go out for jade purchase himself. His collection is composed of kinds of jadewares including a good number of earlyaged and large-sized objects, yet not excluding the faked ones. The imitation of jade products was widespread in the late Qing dynasty. Jades were traded and circulated over Beijing, Shan'xi, Henan, Shanghai, Suzhou and Yangzhou in history, so were the faked ones probably produced.