农户对粮食生产补贴政策认知与规模变动反应研究?——基于黑龙江省种粮农户的调查

Study on farmers' cognitive reaction and scale change to grain subsidy policy:A case study of grain producers in Heilongjiang Province

研究农户粮食生产补贴政策认知与种粮行为变动影响有助于政府明确政策实施效果,调整政策措施,缓解粮食生产供给侧结构改革压力。以黑龙江省为例,在调查农户对粮食生产补贴政策的认知与规模变动反应基础上,采用有序多分类Logistic模型对粮农种粮规模变化进行分析,探讨影响农户种粮行为变动的因素。结果表明,农户对粮食补贴政策的认知度和满意度都很高,达80%以上。农户粮食生产收入增加会促使其扩大粮食种植面积;农户认知的粮食补贴对其粮食生产越起作用,农户越倾向于多种粮;农业生产资料投入量越多且价格越合理,农户扩大种粮的积极性越高。农户在当地找非农工作越难,越倾向于扩大种粮面积;农户家庭从事农业劳动的人数和承包耕地面积的多少对其种粮规模变动不显著。研究表明,粮食直接补贴政策的实施提高了农户种粮积极性,随着种植规模的扩大,粮食补贴起到一定的补偿作用。因此,未来主产区粮食生产补贴政策调整中,政府需要构建粮食价格与补贴的融合机制,要分层次分类别对农户进行重点补贴,要加大对农户生产投入产出的补贴。

Studying farmers＇ cognition and behavior changes to grain subsidies can help the government to clarify the effects of policy implementation,to adjust policy measures,and to ease the pressure of the structure reform of the grain production and supply.Based on a survey data of grain producers in Heilongjiang Province,this paper examined farmers＇ cognitive reactions to grain subsidy policies and analyzed the influencing factors of production scale change and planting behavior changes by an ordinal Logistic model.Results showed that the awareness and satisfaction of farmers on grain subsidy policies is over 80%.The increase of farmers＇ income from grain production and farmers＇ cognition of the effects of grain subsidy policies on grain production can promote the expansion of grain production.More investment on agricultural inputs with reasonable prices can increase the enthusiasm of farmers to expand grain production.Fewer off-farm job opportunities also promote grain production expansion.The number of agricultural labors in the households and the size of the contracted farmland do not impose any significant impacts on grain production expansion.This research also found that the implementation of grain direct subsidy policy has improved the farmers＇ enthusiasm for grain production and with the expansion of grain production scale food subsidies played a role of compensation for farmers＇ income.Therefore,for the future adjustment of grain subsidy policies,this paper suggests to construct the integrated mechanism for grain price and subsidy policies,to subsidize farms according to their levels and categories,and to increase farmers＇ input and output subsidies.