江苏主要粮食生产中化肥过量施用评价及影响因素研究

Evaluation of over fertilization in main grain crops in Jiangsu and its influencing factors

中国化肥施用量已超过其经济意义上的最优施用量。基于固定观察点2003-2012年粮食连续种植的农户面板数据,对江苏省小麦和稻谷生产中的化肥过量施用程度进行评价,并实证分析其影响因素。结果表明,江苏省小麦的化肥过量施用程度为14.13%,稻谷为44.15%。其中,受教育水平、劳动力非农转移和土地租入比例一定程度上促进了化肥的过量施用,而家庭人均收入、农业技术培训和耕地规模效应则对化肥过量施用起一定的抑制作用,此外,上一年粮价也会对化肥用量产生一定的影响。应从施肥观念、施肥技术、新型农业经营主体培育、土地流转服务体系及粮食市场体制等方面做出完善。

From the economics perspective,China＇s application of chemical fertilizer has exceeded the optimal magnitude.Based on the panel data from 2003 to 2012 of grain growing households from the fixed observation points,this paper evaluated the overuse degree of chemical fertilizer in Jiangsu Province for wheat and rice production,and then empirically identified the influencing factors.Results show that the overuse degrees of wheat and rice reached 14.13% and 44.15%,respectively.Particularly,the education degree,off-farm labor migration,and the rate of land rent contribute to the over application of fertilizer.However,per capita income,agricultural technical training,and arable land scale have negative impacts of fertilizer overuse.In addition,lagged grain price could also cause fertilizer overuse.Hence,to reduce the fertilizer overuse,this paper suggests：to change fertilization concept,to improve application technology,to cultivate new types of agricultural business,to promote land transfer service system,and to reform the grain marketing system.