肾脏慢病管理门诊中透析专科护士的教育角色及作用

Role and function of dialysis specialist nurses in the management of kidney disease

目的:探讨肾脏慢病管理门诊中透析专科护士的教育角色及作用。方法:选取本院肾脏慢病管理门诊2015年1月至2015年12月50位血液透析患者作为对照组,2016年1月至2016年12月52位血液透析患者作为观察组。对照组由肾病科高年资医师进行疾病管理和指导,观察组增加一名高年资透析专科护士承担患者专职教育和随访角色,完善管理指导体系。干预6个月后采用问卷调查法对比两组患者疾病认知及血透相关知识知晓率、自我管理行为、透析不良事件发生率和健康教育满意度。结果:干预前两组患者疾病认知水平、血液透析相关知识知晓率、自我管理行为平均得分、健康教育满意度、透析不良事件发生率等相比无明显差异,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,观察组以上各项均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:肾脏慢病管理门诊中专科护士承担专职教育者,可为患者提供饮食指导、运动指导、健康教育、血管通路维护、心理疏导,患者对疾病认知水平及相关知识的知晓率显著提高,满足了患者健康教育需求,提高患者自我管理能力和促进了病情康复。

Objective：To explore the educational role and function of dialysis specialist nurses in the management of renal chronic disease.Method：Fifty hemodialysis patients were selected as the control group from January 2015 to December 2015,and52 hemodialysis patients from January 2016 to December 2016 were selected as the observation group.The control group was treated and supervised by the senior physician of the Department of Nephrology.The observation group added a high-grade dialysis specialist nurses to undertake the full-time education and follow-up role of the patients and improve the management guidance system.After 6months of intervention,questionnaire survey was conducted to compare the awareness rate of hemodialysis knowledge,self-management behavior,incidence of adverse events and health education satisfaction.results：There was no significant difference between the two groups before the intervention,the cognitive level of disease,the awareness rate of hemodialysis related knowledge,the average score of self-management behavior,the satisfaction of health education and the incidence of adverse events were not statistically significant（P〉 0.05）.After intervention,the above observation group were significantly better than the control group,the difference was statistically significant（P〈 0.05）.Conclusion：Kidney disease management outpatient specialist nurses to assume full-time education,can provide patients with dietary guidance,exercise guidance,health education,vascular access maintenance,psychological counseling,the patient awareness of the disease and related knowledge awareness significantly improved,to meet the Patient health education needs,and promote the patient＇s self-management ability and rehabilitation.