青海省囊谦县藏族人群摄碘途径分析

Iodine intaking pathway of Tibetan in Nangqian County, Qinghai Province

目的了解藏族群众碘营养摄入途径，为制定碘缺乏病防控措施提供依据。方法2015年，采用随机抽样法，对囊谦县寄宿、走读8～10岁学生及育龄妇女进行膳食调查，同时采用24h回顾法进行食物摄入量调查。采集尿样、饮用水、风干牛肉、牛奶、曲拉、炒面等食物样品检测碘含量。结果寄宿学生492人，在学校食堂用餐，尿碘中位数为179．2μg／L；走读学生298人，仅中午在学校食堂用餐，尿碘中位数为79．6μg／L；育龄妇女158人，多食用无碘盐，尿碘中位数为33．7μg／L。检测饮用水51份，水碘含量为0．8μg／L。风干牛肉、牛奶、曲拉、炒面分别检测66、48、20和37份，碘含量均值分别为59．1、61．5、226．4、17．0μg／kg。寄宿、走读学生和育龄妇女碘摄入量分别234．0、126。4和76．7μg／d，其中通过碘盐摄碘量分别为208．0、78．0和0．0μg／d。结论食用碘盐是囊谦县藏族人群摄碘的主要途径，食盐加碘和免费发放碘盐措施应坚持长期实施。

Objective To understand the pathway of iodine intaking among Tibetan, and provide basic data for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders （IDD）. Methods Through the method of random sampling, the boarding and day student aged 8 - 10 and women of childbearing age were conducted dietary survey to understand the condition of food intaking via the 24 h review method in 2015. Samples of urine, drinking water, dried beef, milk, Qula and fried noodles were collected and tested iodine level. Results Due to taking iodized salt three times a day with meals, the median of urinary iodine among 492 investigated boarding students was 179.2 μg/L; differently, the median of urinary iodine among 298 day students in this investigation was 79.6 μg/L who taking iodized salt only at lunch at school; and in the study, the median of urinary iodine among 158 women of childbearing age who took iodine-free salt daily was 33.7μg/L. The iodine contents in 51 drinking water samples, 66 dried beef samples, 48 milk samples, 20 Qula samples and 37 fried noodle samples were quantified respectively, and the average iodine contents of each food were 0.8 μg/L in drinking water, 59.1 μg/kg in dried beef, 61.5 μg/kg in milk, 226.4 μg/kg in Qula and 17.0 μg/kg in fried noodles. The acceptable daily intake （ADI） of iodine of the boarding and day students aged from 8 to 10 and women of child bearing age were 234.0, 126.4 and 76.7μg/d, respectively, among which the ADI of iodine with iodized salt were 208.0, 78.0 and 0.0 μg/d. Conclusion Consuming iodized salt is a main method to get iodine among Tibetans in Nangqian County, so that it is significant to carried out this measure for a long time for free to let them have iodized salt every day instead of iodine-free one.