乳制品与癌症患病风险关系的研究进展

The Relationship Between Dairy Products and Cancer Incidence Risk

综述现有的流行病学研究、实验室研究和Meta分析,并分析乳制品及其中各种成分对癌症发病风险的影响。目前的Meta分析和WCRF/AICR报告得出,乳制品和乳腺癌、卵巢癌的发病率无关联,而过量乳制品是前列腺癌的危险因素,适量乳制品对结肠癌可能有保护作用;乳制品中增加癌症风险的成分可能是饱和脂肪、激素和环境污染物,起保护作用的一般为维生素D、乳糖、乳酸菌和某些不饱和脂肪酸。因此,按照《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》的推荐量(300g/d)摄入乳制品是安全并有益的;国家也应加强对乳制品行业的管制,防止过量的激素和污染物对民众健康和行业形象产生不良影响。

Dairy products, represented by milk, serve as the main source of quality protein and calcium. Dairy products significantly promote the healthy growth of juveniles and contribute to the health care demand of middle-aged and elderly people. However, the dispute of milk as a carcinogen recently induces considerable confusion on the diet choice of residents. The research summarized the latest developments of existing epidemiological studies, laboratory studies and recta-analysis, and analyzed the role of dairy products and the various components in cancer risk including the latest meta-analysis and WCRF/AICR report indicated the uncertain role of dairy products in breast cancer and ovarian cancer, the detrimental role of excessive dairy products in prostate cancer, and the protective role of moderate dairy intake in color- ectal cancer. The hazard components of dairy products were generally saturated fat, hormones and contaminants, while the protective compo- nents were vitamin D, lactose and certain fatty acids. Therefore, the RNI of 300g/d recommended by Dietary Guidelines for Chinese 2016 is generally safe and beneficial. The government should strengthen the control on dairy industry to prevent the adverse effects on public health and profession image by excessive hormones and environmental pollutants.