羌活人工栽培下生物量及元素积累动态研究

Dynamics of plant biomass and nutrients accumulation of Notopterygium incisum in artificial cultivation

通过对原产地大田移栽定植后羌活实生苗开展连续3年的定期采样观测与分析,确定人工栽培条件下,羌活地上与地下部分生长动态与元素积累的季节动态与年际动态,揭示人工栽培条件下羌活的生物量和元素动态积累规律。结果表明:(1)移栽2年后羌活植株地下部分生物量干重增加32倍,而第1年和第3年仅分别增加6倍和2倍,由此说明人工栽培羌活的产量关键是在移栽后第1年和第2年,缩短移栽后的恢复生长时间有利于缩短生产周期和提高产量。(2)移栽第1年和第2年羌活地下部分元素累积量呈稳定增长状态,第3年生长季节前期急剧下降,而后到7—8月再超过第2年秋季的积累量。(3)不论是对于地下部分增重还是地上部分生长,钙(Ca)、铁(Fe)、硼(B)和锌(Zn)均是羌活栽培后期(第2年和第3年)需求量较大的重要营养元素。该结果将为实现羌活的人工栽培技术规范制定以及专用肥配制等提供理论依据。

In this study,field cultivation experiments of Notopterygium incisum had been carried out for three years, and samples had been collected monthly during growth seasons, and biomass and nutrient elements of aerial and underground part of sampled plants had been determined to assess their seasonal and interannual dynamics respectively. The results showed that biomass of underground part （dry weight） increased mainly in the second year after seedling transplanting, i. e. , biomass increased about 32 times in the sec- ond year whilst less than 6 times and 2 times in the first year and in the third year, respectively. Therefore, efforts for yield improve- ment should be focused on the first two year in artificial cultivation of N. incisum. Accumulation of nutrient elements increased steady in the underground part during the first and second year, then showed a sharp decline in the first phase of growth season in the third year, while its accumulation in July to August of third year was higher than the value of second year. Ca, Fe, B and Zn were larger de- mand nutrient elements to meet growth demands whether for the underground part or aerial part during the second year and third year for N. incisum cultivation. This result provided instructional guidance and scientific basis for artificial cultivation and specific fertilizer of N. incisum.