银杏药用成分及药理作用研究进展

Progress on Medicinal Components and Pharmacological Effects of Ginkgo biloba

归纳总结了银杏药用成分的种类、含量变化及药理作用等方面的研究进展。表明银杏药用成分主要存在于银杏叶、外种皮及种仁中,其含量因品种、性别、季节等不同有所差异,目前从银杏中共分离到5类药用成分,包括黄酮类、内酯类、有机酚酸类、聚戊烯醇类和多糖类。现代药理研究显示,银杏具有抗氧化、拮抗血小板活化因子、降血脂、改善循环、保护心脏、提高免疫力、抗炎、抗病毒、抗肿瘤及抗衰老等作用。银杏除已开发利用的银杏叶外,其种仁、外种皮中也含有药用成分,具有广阔的开发利用前景。

To summarize the research progress on Ginkgo biloba in medicinal components,content variation and pharmacological effects,the corresonding literatures were retrieved.The results showed that medicinal components are found in its leaves, exopleura and nuts, the medicinal contents are varies with season, variety, gender, position, and so on.5 kinds of medicinal components have been extracted from Ginkgo biloba, including flavonoids, terpenoid lactones, Ginkgo acids, polyprenols and polysaccharides.Modern pharmacological research showed that Ginkgo biloba has a variety of pharmacological effects,such as antioxidation,antagonizing platelet activating factor, depressing blood-fat, improving blood circulation, heart protection, improving immunity, anti-inflammation, antivirus, antitumor, anti-aging, etc. At present, the development of Ginkgo biloba is mainly concentrated in its leaves.The analysing results showed that the nuts and the exopleura contain medicinal components also,they have broad exploitation and utilization prospects.