中国公立大学章程的法律性质探析

The Analysis of the Legal Nature of Chinese Public Universities' Statutes

中国公立大学章程法律性质的主流学说是"契约说"和"自治法说",其中"契约说"和"私法自治法说"在解释力上均有不足。中国公立大学章程具有法的基本特征。从自治法的特点、大学章程的实施效力、自治团体的理论、加快制定章程的目的以及公司章程与大学的章程的比较可以看出,中国公立大学章程是"自治法"。同时,中国公立大学具有公法人地位,其章程的制定核准是行政法上的行政行为,且主要调整行政法律关系,因而又具有公法性质。故应将中国公立大学章程界定为"公法自治法",这一定位有助于章程落到实处。

The theory of contract and autonomy are the main theories of the legal nature of Chinese public universities＇statutes. A- mong them , ＂contract＂ and autonomy are not enough in the explanatory power. The Chinese public universities＂ statuteshas the basic characteristics of law. From the characteristics of the autonomy, the implementation of the statutes, the theory of the self-government, the purpose of accelerating the formulation of the statutes, and the comparison between the companies＂ statutes and the universities＂ stat- utes, the Chinese public universities＂ statutes can be seen as self-government law. At the same time, Chinese public universities have the status of public cooperation, the developments of statutesare approved by administrative law administrative acts, which mainly ad- just administrative legal relations, thus have the nature of public law. And therefore, statutes should be defined as public autonomy , which will help the statutes more practical.