新闻语用质准则与新闻报道的真实性研究

"News Quality Maxim" and the Authenticity of News Reporting

新闻界一直把真实性视为新闻的生命,如何杜绝虚假新闻的问题,不仅是新闻界关注的热点,也引起了语用学界的关注。以近期发生的虚假新闻为例,将语用学的会话合作原则的"质"准则概念引入虚假新闻的分析,提出了新闻媒体应遵循的新闻语用质准则,尝试用新闻语用质准则来区分虚假新闻的制造和虚假新闻的传播,借助新闻语用质准则来研究虚假新闻产生的原因、背景和造成的危害,用新闻语用质准则来规范新闻的制作、转载的全过程,从语用的角度,分析了与日益猖獗的假新闻现象相关的问题,为杜绝虚假新闻提供了一个新研究视角。

The press has always regarded authenticity as the life of news. How to put an end to fake news has been a focused issue by the press, and at the same time, it has also aroused the interest of the field of pragmatics. Taking the example of newly -happening fake news, this paper, through the introducing of the quality maxim of Grice＇ s cooperative principle into the analysis of fake news, puts forward a theory of ＂ news quality maxim ＂ which should be abided by the press, tries to make a distinction between the making and the spreading of fake news using the theory, makes a study of the causes, background of the news and harms caused by it with the help of it. It also tries to regulate the whole process of the making as well as the reproducing of news using this theory, find the gist to punishing fake news from the perspective of pragmatics, probe into the relationship between the basic moral requirement of the journalists and related legal norms, attempt to analyze and explain the issues related with the now - rampant fake news phenomenon using this theory. This research provides a new viewpoint for the eradicating of fake news.