2010年与2014年四川省凉山州彝族儿童青少年体格发育与运动素质比较研究

Comparison analysis on the physical growth and development of sport quality among Yi children and adolescents in Liangshan between 2010 and 2014

目的比较2010年与2014年凉山彝族自治州儿童青少年体格发育与运动素质,了解彝族儿童青少年发育情况,为进一步提高彝族儿童青少年健康水平提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,在2010年和2014年分别抽取四川省凉山彝族自治州喜德县2838名和2871名7~18岁的彝族儿童青少年,对研究对象进行体格发育状况和运动素质等指标的采集,分析彝族儿童青少年的体格发育和运动素质等指标。采用SPSS 20.0进行统计学分析。结果 2014年彝族男生和女生体重、身高和BMI值较2010年相比有所提高(P<0.05),但低年龄段的肺活量水平有所下降(P<0.05)。2014年与2010年相比,彝族男生的50 m跑用时更少(P<0.05),立定跳远成绩提高(P<0.05),但握力水平有所下降(P<0.05)。2014年彝族女生的立定跳远成绩和坐位体前屈距离低于2010年水平(P<0.05),握力有所提高(P<0.05)。结论彝族学生的体格发育程度有所改善,但低年龄段的肺活量水平有所下降,且女生体格发育水平提高程度不如男生,因此需要采取相关营养改善政策和健康教育政策,为改善彝族学生健康水平作出努力。

Objective To compare the physical development and athletic quality of children and adolescents in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture between 2010 and 2014, understand the development situation of children and adolescents of the Yi nationality, in order to improve the healthy level of children and adolescents of the Yi nationality.Methods Based on the multistage random cluster sampling, a total of 2838 and 2871 children aged 7-18 years were selected from Xide County of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in 2010 and 2014 respectively, and indexes regarding physical growth and development of sport quality were collected and analyzed. All the data were analyzed by SPSS20.0 software. Results The weight, height and body mass indexes of male and female students of the Yi nationality were significantly improved in 2014 compared with those in 2010（P〈0.05）, but the vital capacity values of young ages in 2014 were significantly lower than those in 2010（P〈0.05）. The time for 50 meter running and grip strength of males in2014 were significantly lower than those in 2010（P〈0.05）, while the standing broad jump scores of males in 2014 were significantly higher than those in 2010（P〈0.05）. The standing broad jump scores and sit-and-reach distances of females in 2014 were significantly lower than those in 2010（P〈0.05）, and the grip strength of females in 2014 were significantly higher than those in 2010（P〈0.05）. Conclusion There is a significant improvement of the Yi students＇ nutrition status, but the vital capacity values of young ages are reduced. Moreover, the improved level of physical growth of females is lower than that of males. Therefore, corresponding nutrition and health education strategies should be taken to improve the health levels of the Yi students.