抗旱节水型衡麦系列品种的选育方法及系谱分析

Breeding Methods and Pedigree Analysis of Drought Resistance and Water-Saving Wheat Cultivars Hengmai Series

为探讨抗旱节水小麦的定向培育方法,对抗旱节水型衡麦系列品种选育过程进行了总结和分析。多年来河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所围绕"节水抗旱、抗逆高产、广适稳产、优质早熟"的育种目标,着眼解决地下水资源极度匮乏与农业生产矛盾突出的问题,为培育抗旱节水型广适小麦品种,利用常规育种技术与分子标记检测手段,广泛筛选遗传背景远缘且生态差异较大的优异亲本组配组合,创新采用不同世代水旱交替双向综合选择技术,先后育成16个抗旱节水型小麦品种,提高了选择效率和水资源利用率。在系谱上,衡观35等为代表的衡麦系列品种与蚂蚱麦、碧玉麦和洛夫林10号存在一定的血缘关系,且含有对光周期不敏感的Ppd-Dla等优异基因。这些品种目前已由冀中南冬麦区推广至黄淮冬麦区(南、北片)、北部冬麦区(天津)和长江中下游冬麦区(湖北襄阳)等区域种植,展示出生态广适、节水稳产的特点。

In order to study the directional breeding method for drought resistance and water-saving wheat,this paper summarized and analyzed the breeding process of drought resistance and water-saving wheat cultivars Hengmai series.According to the breeding goal＂water-saving and drought resistance,stable and high yield,wide adaptability and inverse quality precocity＂,breeding new wheat cultivars focused on drought resistance and wide adaptability for solving the problem of the shortage of groundwater resources by using different parents selected by conventional breeding and molecular marker assisted breeding.Sixteen water-saving and drought resistant winter wheat cultivars were obtained from dryland farming institute of Hebei academy of agriculture and forestry sciences by using directional breeding and comprehensive selection with alternation of irrigation and drought in different generations over these years.Through pedigree analysis,Hengmai series,such as Hengguan35,had the kinship with Mazhamai,Biyumai and Lovrin 10,and contained the photoperiod insensitive gene Ppd-D1a,that made the planting area quickly extended from Hebei winter wheat region to the HuangHuai winter wheat region（south and north）,the northern winter wheat region（Tianjin）and the Yangtze River region（Xiangyang,Hubei）.The purpose of ecological suitability,water saving and stable production has been achieved.