小黑麦群体冠层结构及产量构成差异分析

Variation Analysis of Canopy Architecture and Yield Components among Different Types of Triticale

为了解不同类型小黑麦冠层结构及产量构成差异,以加工型品种东农8809、饲用型品种东农5305和粮饲兼用型品种东农96026为材料,采用随机区组设计,探讨了三种类型小黑麦主要生育阶段的平均叶倾角、天空散射辐射透过率、太阳直射辐射透过率、消光系数和叶面积指数的特点。结果表明,加工型品种东农8809的消光系数小,生育后期叶倾角过大,出现漏光现象,这种不合理的冠层结构造成太阳辐射的浪费,使籽粒产量形成受到限制;饲用型品种东农5303的平均叶倾角在营养生长阶段最大,孕穗期降低,营养生长阶段较合理的冠层结构成为其较高叶面积指数形成的基础;粮饲兼用型品种东农96026的平均叶倾角、天空散射辐射透过率和直接辐射透过率均小,消光系数大,冠层结构合理,对光的截获能力强,籽粒产量最高。

In order to know the differences of canopy architecture and yield components among different types of triticale,Dongnong 8809（processing triticale）,Dongnong 5305（forage triticale）and Dongnong 96026（grain feed triticale）were used as experimental materials.Experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with 3 replicates.The mean leaf inclination angle（MLA）,transmission coefficient for diffuse penetration（TCDP）,transmission coefficient for radiation penetration（TCRP）,extinction coefficient and leaf area index（LAI）of main growth stages of different types of triticale were studied.The results showed that,Dongnong 8809 had a lower extinction coefficient and a higher MLA at late growth stage,causing light-leaking phenomenon,which was a key factor limiting yield formation.Dongnong 5305 had a higher MLA at vegetative growth stage and a lower MLA at booting stage.The reasonable canopy architecture at vegetative growth stage was the base of the formation of high LAI.Dongnong 96026 had the lowest MLA,TCDP and TCRP but higher extinction coefficient and yield,compared to other varieties.Dongnong 96026 had a reasonable canopy architecture and a strong capability to capture light.