优质牧草水分利用效率提高技术研究综述

Technologies of improving water use efficiency of high quality forage grasses: A review

水资源短缺是干旱半干旱区草地牧草生长的核心限制因子。在有限的水资源基础上,研发提高牧草的水分利用效率和提高牧草生产力的技术,是牧区草业持续稳定发展的关键途径。本文综述了国内外相关进展,系统阐述了提高牧草水分利用效率的灌溉调控、地表覆盖、耕作调控、微生物调控和植物蒸腾抑制等措施和技术;对目前中国北方草地在牧草水分利用效率提高方法研究领域存在的问题、未来需要加强的研究方向进行了分析。未来研究需要从加强抗旱优质牧草品种的筛选和培育、重视牧草水分利用效率田间原位实验和加强抗旱机理与水分利用率提高机制研究、应用先进的研究技术和方法、建立水分高效利用的综合技术体系和复合管理模式等4个方面开展。

The deficiency of water resources is a core inhibiting factor for grass growth in arid and semiarid grasslands worldwide. Thus, development of technologies aimed to improve the wateruse efficiency and grass productivity is the key to sustainable development of the grass industry. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the strategies for improving wateruse efficiency of grasses from methods of irrigation, soil surface mulching, tillage modes, microorganism regulations and the application of materials inhibiting plant respiration. Furthermore, based on the main problems existing in current studies related to improvement of water use efficiency, we provided research perspectives for the future, which included the four following aspects： developing new varieties of highquality grasses with high drought tolerance, paying more attention to insitu field experiments and the mechanisms in wateruse efficiency, employing advanced technologies in basic researches, and developing comprehensive technology and management systems for improving wateruse efficiency of grasses.